CLIMATE ACTION PLAN - City of Urbana

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2.2 BASELINE INVENTORY C. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS RELATED TO PAPER PRODUCTS, FOOD WASTE, WOOD, TEXTILES AND PLANT DEBRIS Waste prevention and recycling are jointly referred to as waste reduction. Preventing waste and recycling are potent strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Waste and greenhouse gas emissions are related in different ways through the life cycle of a product from production to decomposition. At the most basic level, all commodities from food to paper to any type of consumer good and related packaging take energy to produce. Producing this energy results in greenhouse gas emissions. When products are thrown away, in effect, this energy is being thrown away. In the case of paper products in addition to the energy required to produce them, there is also a negative impact resulting from cutting down trees needed to make paper products. When organic products like food, wood, textiles and plant debris are put in a landfill and buried, they break down in a way that causes emissions of methane gas from the landfill. Methane is twenty-one times more powerful a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Together, waste prevention and recycling help: 1. Reduce emissions from energy consumption: Manufacturing products from recycled materials typically requires less energy than producing goods from virgin raw materials. Waste prevention is even more effective. By reusing things or using products made with less material, less energy is needed to extract, transport, and process raw materials and to manufacture products. When energy demands reduce, fewer fossil fuels are burned and less carbon dioxide is emitted to the atmosphere. 2. Reduce emissions from incinerators: Recycling and waste prevention allows materials to be diverted from incinerators and therefore reduces greenhouse gas emissions from waste combustion. 3. Reduce methane emissions from landfills: Waste recycling (including composting) and prevention diverts organic waste from landfills, reducing methane released when these materials decompose. 4. Increase storage of carbon in trees: Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in wood, in a process called “carbon sequestration”. Waste prevention and recycling paper reduces the extent of deforestation needed for paper production. UCycle Recycling Workshop City of Urbana 40
2.2 BASELINE INVENTORY D. COMPARING URBANA’S PER CAPITA COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AND TRANSPORTATION SECTOR EMISSIONS WITH CITIES NATION-WIDE As per a study published in 2011, Urbana’s cumulative commercial, residential and transportation per capita greenhouse gas emissions in 2007 are comparable to the 2008 national average. 1 Cities with a smaller per capita greenhouse gas emissions footprint for these sectors include Bloomington, Indiana; Eugene, Oregon; and Burlington, Vermont. Per capita commercial, residential and transportation emissions are related to the density of the urban environment, signifying the importance of infill and transit-oriented development. Figure 8 shows Urbana’s ranking in a national context. MT CO 2 e per Capita Per Year 25 20 15 10 5 U.S. Average in 2008: Approximately 13 MT CO 2 e per Capita per Year Urbana Non-Campus Average in 2007: Approximate 12 MT CO 2 e per Capita per Year* * Excludes on-campus student population and emissions related to industrial and waste sectors. Commercial Emissions Residential Emissions Transportation Emissions 0 Durham, NC Pittsburgh, PA Flagstaff, AZ Nashville, TN Seattle, WA New Orleans, LA Kansas City, MO Madison, WI Austin, TX Portland, OR U.S.A. AVG 2008 Study AVG Bloomington, IN San Diego, CA Eugene, OR Burlington, VT Philadelphia, PA San Francisco, CA Berkeley, CA New York, NY Urbana, IL Figure 8. Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita for Urbana and 19 U.S. Cities as Compared to the U.S. Average, Excluding Industrial and Waste Sector Emissions 1,2,3,4 Notes: 1 Source: Blackhurst et al, 2011. Preparing US community greenhouse gas inventories for climate action plans, Environ. Res. Lett. 6 (July-September 2011) 034003 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034003 http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/6/3/034003/fulltext/. 2 Graphic is modified to include 2007 data for Urbana, Illinois. 3 This study excluded industrial and waste sector emissions except for Flagstaff AZ, whose industrial emissions from natural gas use are included in the commercial sector due to utility metering practices. Industrial emissions are more difficult to generalize and compare as they stem from facility operations and process fugitive emissions and thus vary by facility. 4 In the profiled cities, industrial emissions accounted for an average of 10 percent of local emissions, varying from 3 percent to 30 percent. As per the U.S. E.P.A, emissions from solid waste management account for approximately 2 percent of GHG emissions nationally. In 2007, Urbana’s industrial sector was responsible for approximately 21 percent of Urbana’s total emissions, and the solid waste sector was responsible for approximately 5 percent of Urbana’s total emissions. City of Urbana 41
Page 1 and 2: CLIMATE ACTION PLAN PHASE 1: INITIA
Page 3 and 4: A MESSAGE FROM THE MAYOR August 31,
Page 5 and 6: 5 GOALS : 15 ACTIONS THE URBANA CLI
Page 7: to reach long-term emissions reduct
Page 10 and 11: 1.1 INTRODUCTION Never in the past
Page 12 and 13: 1.2 CLIMATE CHANGE CONCEPTS A. GREE
Page 14 and 15: 1.3 THE BENEFITS OF LOCAL ACTION Ur
Page 16 and 17: 1.5 A PHASED APPROACH The phased st
Page 18 and 19: 1.7 CITY OF URBANA CLIMATE PLANNING
Page 20 and 21: 1.8 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT In addition t
Page 22 and 23: 1.9 CURRENT PLANS D. 2004 CHAMPAIGN
Page 24 and 25: 1.10 CURRENT ACTIONS Urbana busines
Page 26 and 27: 1.10 CURRENT ACTIONS has verified a
Page 28 and 29: 1.10 CURRENT ACTIONS Urbana’s Her
Page 30 and 31: 1.10 CURRENT ACTIONS successful, wi
Page 32 and 33: 1.10 CURRENT ACTIONS D. CITY OF URB
Page 35 and 36: 2. METHODOLOGY, INVENTORY, & PROJEC
Page 37 and 38: 2.1 OVERVIEW B. UNIVERSITY OF ILLIN
Page 39: 2.2 BASELINE INVENTORY A. 2007 EMIS
Page 43 and 44: 110,100 43,000 152,000 32,300 114,5
Page 45 and 46: 2.5 URBANA’S ENERGY USE C. AMEREN
Page 47: 2.5 URBANA’S ENERGY USE RECs may
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 PRIORITY ACTIONS Phase I of the
Page 53 and 54: 3.1 80% 90% EMISSIONS REDUCTION TAR
Page 55 and 56: 3.2 GOAL 1: REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM B
Page 57 and 58: 3.2 GOAL 1: REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM B
Page 59 and 60: 3.2 GOAL 2: REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM G
Page 61 and 62: 3.2 GOAL 4: PREPARE FOR CLIMATE CHA
Page 63 and 64: 3.2 GOAL 5: PURSUE COORDINATION AND
Page 65 and 66: 3.3 CONSOLIDATED IMPLEMENTATION TAB
Page 67: 3.4 FUTURE STEPS AND CHALLENGES TO
Page 70 and 71: 4.1 TABLE OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. FIGU
Page 72 and 73: 4.3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACS
Page 74 and 75: 4.4 APPENDIX B: SOURCES AND WARMING
Page 76 and 77: 4.4 APPENDIX C: PUBLIC INPUT SURVEY
Page 82 and 83: 4.4 APPENDIX D: PUBLIC INPUT FORMS
Page 84 and 85: 4.4 APPENDIX D: PUBLIC INPUT FORMS
Page 86 and 87: 4.4 APPENDIX E: CACP GREENHOUSE GAS
Page 88 and 89: 4.4 APPENDIX E: CACP GREENHOUSE GAS
Page 90 and 91:
4.4 APPENDIX F: POPULATION, EMPLOYM
Page 92 and 93:
4.4 APPENDIX F: POPULATION, EMPLOYM
Page 94 and 95:
4.4 APPENDIX G: STATE OF ILLINOIS E
Page 96 and 97:
4.4 APPENDIX H: $ 1,000 ENERGY CHAL
Page 98 and 99:
4.4 APPENDIX J: ENERGY AND EMISSION
Page 100 and 101:
4.4 APPENDIX J: ENERGY AND EMISSION
Page 102:
www.urbanaillinois.us/climateaction
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