Women in Latin America and the Caribbean - Cepal

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107 III. TOWARDS A RESEARCH AND POLICY AGENDA During the preparation of this document, it became evident that a research and policy agenda needed to be adopted for the short- and medium-term on the two issues under consideration: political participation and gender parity in decision-making processes at all levels and analysis of the contribution of women to the economy and social protection, especially in relation to unpaid work performed by women. 1 The proposals set out below take into account the recommendations that emerged at the three subregional meetings held in preparation for the tenth session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: the subregional preparatory meeting for Central America and Mexico (held in Guatemala City on 16 and 17 May 2007); the subregional preparatory meeting for the Caribbean (held in St. John’s, Antigua and Barbuda, on 23 and 24 May 2007), and the subregional preparatory meeting for South America (held in Santiago, Chile, on 28 and 29 May 2007). 2 What is being presented here is not so much a list of issues for research and public policy formulation as two strategic proposals which seek to: (i) Build bridges between knowledge and research, on the one hand, and public policies on parity and unpaid work, on the other; (ii) Respond to the needs of member Governments of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean; (iii) Propose a multidisciplinary study in order to gain insight into complex problems relating to gender equality in the two thematic areas under consideration; (iv) Engage all the actors involved at the national and regional level in a cooperative study based on the exchange of best practices. The research agenda proposed for policy formulation is based on the following goals: (i) To develop new knowledge that sheds light on the nature of the problems that have arisen in the sphere of gender policies in the region; (ii) To incorporate this knowledge into the institution-building strategy of countries and, above all, into the strategy of national mechanisms for the advancement of women; (iii) To enhance the active leadership of these mechanisms through their participation as Presiding Officers of the Regional Conference. (iv) To take into account regional specificities and promote intraregional interchange for the benefit of all women. 1 2 This proposal is based on the research methodology for development prepared by the Netherlands Development Assistance Research Council (RAWOO). See relevant reports.
108 A. PARITY IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES 1. Identification of new subjects for research At the subregional preparatory meetings for the tenth session of the Regional Conference and during preparation of this document, questions were raised concerning the way the gender system operates within political parties and the way women exercise leadership as well as on the correlation between political participation, representation and access to power, and poverty, ethnicity, age, the exercise of reproductive rights, levels and forms of violence and other variables that have a bearing on the exercise of citizenship, social and political participation and access to positions of power. The objectives pursued by the research proposal are: 2. Policy or strategy objectives (i) To identify the most successful and sustainable strategies for promoting and maintaining women’s political participation; (ii) To document the contribution of women in leadership positions in parliament, the executive, local government and other decision-making bodies, such as the judiciary, the business sector and social organizations; (iii) To analyse the links between participation and decision-making by women, on the one hand, and poverty, unpaid work and the exercise of their rights, especially reproductive rights, on the other; (iv) To recognize the contribution of unpaid work carried out by women within political parties; (v) To report on regional experiences underway, identifying the specific characteristics of parity in the region. These prospective research studies will be directed towards decision-making. Most of them will be confined to the national sphere; a more limited number will have a regional comparative scope. 3. Instruments to be developed Bearing in mind the current status of research, priority must be given to strengthening institutional capacities in order to: (i) Compile data on women’s political participation and representation; (ii) Optimize the use of available sources, such as the database of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, which provides up-to-date information on women’s participation in parliaments;
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LC/L.2738(CRM.10/3) August 2007 The
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1 FOREWORD The Economic Commission
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3 INTRODUCTION The women of Latin A
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5 essentially not on biological fac
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8 Convention, but the process has b
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10 among development, security and
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12 Another sphere of democratic deb
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14 to articulate their efforts in i
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16 boundaries between human, reprod
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18 relatively less powerful, new gl
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20 universalist school’s argument
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22 democratic movements, gradually
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24 Table I.2 LATIN AMERICA (20 COUN
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26 In many countries, a new collect
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28 In Costa Rica the quota issue be
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30 Table I.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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32 The differences between the resu
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34 Figure I.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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36 Figure I.6 CARIBBEAN (11 COUNTRI
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38 Figure I.9 CARIBBEAN (9 COUNTRIE
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40 Women’s entry to parliament ca
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42 Figure I.10 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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44 Figure I.12 THE CARIBBEAN (10 CO
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46 Figure I.14 LATIN AMERICA (15 CO
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48 Table I.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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50 was from 9% to 1.3%, Jamaica (fr
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52 agencies at the highest level an
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55 II. WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO TH
Page 60 and 61: 57 more concerned with the ethic of
Page 62 and 63: 59 Box II.1 THE WORK OF CARE IN SOC
Page 64 and 65: 61 of care on women mounts up. This
Page 66 and 67: 63 conditions of employment of work
Page 68 and 69: 65 social security and social benef
Page 70 and 71: 67 disincentive to their recruitmen
Page 72 and 73: 69 seeks to reform the constitution
Page 74 and 75: 71 Box II.4 REGULATION OF EMPLOYMEN
Page 76 and 77: 73 those in rural areas (42.1%), wh
Page 78 and 79: 75 sex and activity (see figure II.
Page 80 and 81: 77 Figure II.4 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 82 and 83: 79 Figure II.7 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 84 and 85: 81 Box II.6 HAITI. DOMESTIC WORKERS
Page 86 and 87: 83 It is interesting to characteriz
Page 88 and 89: 85 care to the “productive” adu
Page 90 and 91: 87 Box II. 7 (concluded) To sum up,
Page 92 and 93: 89 are also inaccurate, which widen
Page 94 and 95: 91 Some progress has been made sinc
Page 96 and 97: 93 Figure II.15 AVERAGE HOURS SPENT
Page 98 and 99: 95 Country Costa Rica El Salvador G
Page 100 and 101: 97 domestic life is shared between
Page 102 and 103: 99 employee for family reasons. The
Page 104 and 105: 101 In the private sphere, there ha
Page 106 and 107: 103 Table II.4 SEVEN SELECTED CITIE
Page 108 and 109: 105 Box II.12 EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL SE
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Page 114 and 115: 111 Appendix TECHNICAL NOTES The st
Page 116 and 117: 113 Household survey information al
Page 118 and 119: 115 sub-module “home maintenance
Page 120 and 121: 118 _____ (2003), "Políticas para
Page 122 and 123: 120 Carrasco, Cristina (2001), “H
Page 124 and 125: 122 _____ (2003b), “Redes de apoy
Page 126 and 127: 124 Huenchuan, Sandra and José Mig
Page 128 and 129: 126 Montaño, Sonia (2007a), “Emp
Page 130 and 131: 128 Rico, María Nieves (2006), “
Page 132: 130 _____ (1979), Convention on the
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