Women in Latin America and the Caribbean - Cepal

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35 Figure I.5 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (7 COUNTRIES): WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN PARLIAMENT IN COUNTRIES WITH NO QUOTA LEGISLATION (LOWER OR SINGLE CHAMBERS) (Percentages) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1993 1997 2001 2005 1994 1998 2002 2006 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 1995 1999 2003 1996 2001 2006 1994 1999 2004 1993 1998 2000 2005 Chile Colombia El Salvador Guatemala Nicaragua Uruguay Venezuela (Bol. Rep. of) Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Inter-Parliamentary Union, “Women in National Parliaments” [online] http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world-arc.htm [date of reference: 10 December 2006]. The information provided by governments in response to the ECLAC survey suffers from shortfalls that prevent accurate comparisons between the situation in Latin America and in the Caribbean. It is thus not possible to follow the patterns in women’s representation in the lower chambers of parliament in the last three periods in any comparable manner, although there appears to be a slight increase between the first and the third periods (see figure I.6). The data supplied by the Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico show a volatile situation with regard to women’s participation, varying from 17.6% in 1996 to 13.7% in 2000 and 15.7% in 2004.
36 Figure I.6 CARIBBEAN (11 COUNTRIES): WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN PARLIAMENT IN COUNTRIES WITH NO QUOTA LAW (LOWER OR SINGLE CHAMBERS), 1995 AND 2005 (Percentages) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 1995 2005 Cuba Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Bahamas Saint Lucia Guyana Dominica Belize Barbados Trinidad and Tobago Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Source: Karen Bart-Alexander, “Women’s political participation and gender parity in decision-making at all levels in the Caribbean” (SOC/2007/2), document presented at the Subregional preparatory meeting for South America for the tenth session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, St. John’s, Antigua and Barbuda, 22 and 23 May 2007, unpublished. Figure I.7 LATIN AMERICA (9 COUNTRIES): REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE SENATE, 2006 (Percentages) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 42% Argentina Over 30% 22% Mexico Between 20% and 29% 12% 12% Brazil Colombia Between 10% and 19% 10% Uruguay 9% Paraguay 4% 4% Chile Bolivia Less than 10% 3% Dominican Republic Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Inter-Parliamentary Union, “Women in National Parliaments” [online] http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world-arc.htm [date of reference: 10 December 2006].
Page 2 and 3: LC/L.2738(CRM.10/3) August 2007 The
Page 4 and 5: 1 FOREWORD The Economic Commission
Page 6 and 7: 3 INTRODUCTION The women of Latin A
Page 8: 5 essentially not on biological fac
Page 11 and 12: 8 Convention, but the process has b
Page 13 and 14: 10 among development, security and
Page 15 and 16: 12 Another sphere of democratic deb
Page 17 and 18: 14 to articulate their efforts in i
Page 19 and 20: 16 boundaries between human, reprod
Page 21 and 22: 18 relatively less powerful, new gl
Page 23 and 24: 20 universalist school’s argument
Page 25 and 26: 22 democratic movements, gradually
Page 27 and 28: 24 Table I.2 LATIN AMERICA (20 COUN
Page 29 and 30: 26 In many countries, a new collect
Page 31 and 32: 28 In Costa Rica the quota issue be
Page 33 and 34: 30 Table I.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 35 and 36: 32 The differences between the resu
Page 37: 34 Figure I.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 41 and 42: 38 Figure I.9 CARIBBEAN (9 COUNTRIE
Page 43 and 44: 40 Women’s entry to parliament ca
Page 45 and 46: 42 Figure I.10 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
Page 47 and 48: 44 Figure I.12 THE CARIBBEAN (10 CO
Page 49 and 50: 46 Figure I.14 LATIN AMERICA (15 CO
Page 51 and 52: 48 Table I.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 53 and 54: 50 was from 9% to 1.3%, Jamaica (fr
Page 55 and 56: 52 agencies at the highest level an
Page 58 and 59: 55 II. WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO TH
Page 60 and 61: 57 more concerned with the ethic of
Page 62 and 63: 59 Box II.1 THE WORK OF CARE IN SOC
Page 64 and 65: 61 of care on women mounts up. This
Page 66 and 67: 63 conditions of employment of work
Page 68 and 69: 65 social security and social benef
Page 70 and 71: 67 disincentive to their recruitmen
Page 72 and 73: 69 seeks to reform the constitution
Page 74 and 75: 71 Box II.4 REGULATION OF EMPLOYMEN
Page 76 and 77: 73 those in rural areas (42.1%), wh
Page 78 and 79: 75 sex and activity (see figure II.
Page 80 and 81: 77 Figure II.4 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 82 and 83: 79 Figure II.7 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 84 and 85: 81 Box II.6 HAITI. DOMESTIC WORKERS
Page 86 and 87: 83 It is interesting to characteriz
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85 care to the “productive” adu
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87 Box II. 7 (concluded) To sum up,
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89 are also inaccurate, which widen
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91 Some progress has been made sinc
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93 Figure II.15 AVERAGE HOURS SPENT
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95 Country Costa Rica El Salvador G
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97 domestic life is shared between
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99 employee for family reasons. The
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101 In the private sphere, there ha
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103 Table II.4 SEVEN SELECTED CITIE
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105 Box II.12 EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL SE
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107 III. TOWARDS A RESEARCH AND POL
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109 (iii) Contribute to the mainten
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111 Appendix TECHNICAL NOTES The st
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113 Household survey information al
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115 sub-module “home maintenance
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118 _____ (2003), "Políticas para
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120 Carrasco, Cristina (2001), “H
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122 _____ (2003b), “Redes de apoy
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124 Huenchuan, Sandra and José Mig
Page 128 and 129:
126 Montaño, Sonia (2007a), “Emp
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128 Rico, María Nieves (2006), “
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130 _____ (1979), Convention on the
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