Women in Latin America and the Caribbean - Cepal

More documents

Recommendations

Info

111 Appendix TECHNICAL NOTES The statistical information used to produce this document is from: household surveys, time-use surveys, census projections, the database of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and replies to the questionnaire on unpaid work and political participation that the ECLAC Women and Development Unit sent out to Latin American and Caribbean countries in September 2006. Household surveys National household surveys were mainly used for the comparative analysis of women’s domestic activities, both for those who undertake paid domestic work and those who carry out unpaid housework in their own homes (homemakers). These surveys make it possible to identify those women who spend most of their day carrying out (paid and unpaid) domestic activities and to compare their situation with that of the rest of the female population. The following four categories were identified: (i) “Domestic service”, those who carry out domestic tasks outside their own home in exchange for payment, either in the households of others or in businesses and institutions; (ii) “Homemakers”, women who carry out unpaid housework in their own homes; (iii) “Other occupations”, those in paid employment, other than domestic service; (iv) “Rest of the female population”, women who do not come under any of the other categories. “Activity status” and “occupational category” are used to distinguish between female domestic workers and homemakers. Domestic service workers are part of the economically active population (EAP), while homemakers are part of the economically inactive population (EIP). This document includes information only from those countries that identify both domestic service and homemakers in surveys carried out around 2005. For the purposes of comparison, the population consists of those aged 15 and above, although the reference population in some countries may have included younger people. The following table shows the different ways in which the countries with information available categorize female domestic workers.
112 a b c d CLASSIFICATION OF DOMESTIC SERVICE Occupational category Argentina (2005) a Private households with domestic service Bolivia (2003) Household employee Brazil (2005) b Domestic workers Chile (2003) Domestic service (“live-in” and “live-out”) Colombia (2005) Domestic employee Costa Rica (2005) Domestic servant Ecuador (2005) Domestic employee El Salvador (2004) Domestic service Guatemala (2004) Domestic employee Honduras (2003) Domestic service Nicaragua (2003) No such occupational category Panama (2005) Domestic service employee Paraguay (2005) Domestic employee Peru (2003) Household worker Dominican Rep. (2005) Domestic service Mexico (2004) c Domestic service workers Uruguay (2005) d Private households with domestic service Code 95 of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC Rev.3.1). In Brazil (2005), there is no category for housework or homemakers. Main group 82 of the Mexican Classification of Occupations (2000). Code 95 of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC Rev.3.1). The information provided by household surveys reveals the age, schooling, marital status, ethnic group, household type and characteristics, and level of poverty of women who carry out a certain activity. In the case of female domestic service workers, their working hours and wages can be compared with other working women. Having said that, surveys do not yet provide information on the characteristics of the households that employ female domestic workers, except for those of “live-in” domestic employees. Data from the household surveys carried out by 14 countries in around 2005 show that, on average, about 1.4% of homes have “live-in” domestic workers, with figures ranging from 0.2% in Costa Rica and Uruguay to over 3% in Paraguay and Peru. To increase the sample capacity and achieve regional representativeness, this document uses the sum total of all countries (see tables 22 to 36 of the statistical annex). Although the information on “live-in” female domestic employees in household surveys refers to a limited number of workers, it is nonetheless helpful in assessing the characteristics of the employers’ households and estimating the significance of the contribution of such workers, both in financial and qualitative terms. The data show that domestic workers are often taken on by households with care requirements and in which the woman in the employer family has paid employment and long working hours (see figure II.12 and table 29 of the statistical annex). Also, the households that hire domestic workers are those with the highest incomes. Indirectly, this shows that when there is no one within the household to carry out domestic work, it becomes necessary to use economic resources to pay for them in the market place (see table 30 of the statistical annex).
Page 2 and 3:
LC/L.2738(CRM.10/3) August 2007 The
Page 4 and 5:
1 FOREWORD The Economic Commission
Page 6 and 7:
3 INTRODUCTION The women of Latin A
Page 8:
5 essentially not on biological fac
Page 11 and 12:
8 Convention, but the process has b
Page 13 and 14:
10 among development, security and
Page 15 and 16:
12 Another sphere of democratic deb
Page 17 and 18:
14 to articulate their efforts in i
Page 19 and 20:
16 boundaries between human, reprod
Page 21 and 22:
18 relatively less powerful, new gl
Page 23 and 24:
20 universalist school’s argument
Page 25 and 26:
22 democratic movements, gradually
Page 27 and 28:
24 Table I.2 LATIN AMERICA (20 COUN
Page 29 and 30:
26 In many countries, a new collect
Page 31 and 32:
28 In Costa Rica the quota issue be
Page 33 and 34:
30 Table I.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 35 and 36:
32 The differences between the resu
Page 37 and 38:
34 Figure I.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 39 and 40:
36 Figure I.6 CARIBBEAN (11 COUNTRI
Page 41 and 42:
38 Figure I.9 CARIBBEAN (9 COUNTRIE
Page 43 and 44:
40 Women’s entry to parliament ca
Page 45 and 46:
42 Figure I.10 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
Page 47 and 48:
44 Figure I.12 THE CARIBBEAN (10 CO
Page 49 and 50:
46 Figure I.14 LATIN AMERICA (15 CO
Page 51 and 52:
48 Table I.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 53 and 54:
50 was from 9% to 1.3%, Jamaica (fr
Page 55 and 56:
52 agencies at the highest level an
Page 58 and 59:
55 II. WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO TH
Page 60 and 61:
57 more concerned with the ethic of
Page 62 and 63:
59 Box II.1 THE WORK OF CARE IN SOC
Page 64 and 65: 61 of care on women mounts up. This
Page 66 and 67: 63 conditions of employment of work
Page 68 and 69: 65 social security and social benef
Page 70 and 71: 67 disincentive to their recruitmen
Page 72 and 73: 69 seeks to reform the constitution
Page 74 and 75: 71 Box II.4 REGULATION OF EMPLOYMEN
Page 76 and 77: 73 those in rural areas (42.1%), wh
Page 78 and 79: 75 sex and activity (see figure II.
Page 80 and 81: 77 Figure II.4 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 82 and 83: 79 Figure II.7 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 84 and 85: 81 Box II.6 HAITI. DOMESTIC WORKERS
Page 86 and 87: 83 It is interesting to characteriz
Page 88 and 89: 85 care to the “productive” adu
Page 90 and 91: 87 Box II. 7 (concluded) To sum up,
Page 92 and 93: 89 are also inaccurate, which widen
Page 94 and 95: 91 Some progress has been made sinc
Page 96 and 97: 93 Figure II.15 AVERAGE HOURS SPENT
Page 98 and 99: 95 Country Costa Rica El Salvador G
Page 100 and 101: 97 domestic life is shared between
Page 102 and 103: 99 employee for family reasons. The
Page 104 and 105: 101 In the private sphere, there ha
Page 106 and 107: 103 Table II.4 SEVEN SELECTED CITIE
Page 108 and 109: 105 Box II.12 EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL SE
Page 110 and 111: 107 III. TOWARDS A RESEARCH AND POL
Page 112 and 113: 109 (iii) Contribute to the mainten
Page 116 and 117: 113 Household survey information al
Page 118 and 119: 115 sub-module “home maintenance
Page 120 and 121: 118 _____ (2003), "Políticas para
Page 122 and 123: 120 Carrasco, Cristina (2001), “H
Page 124 and 125: 122 _____ (2003b), “Redes de apoy
Page 126 and 127: 124 Huenchuan, Sandra and José Mig
Page 128 and 129: 126 Montaño, Sonia (2007a), “Emp
Page 130 and 131: 128 Rico, María Nieves (2006), “
Page 132: 130 _____ (1979), Convention on the
show all

Women in Latin America and the Caribbean - Cepal

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?