Women in Latin America and the Caribbean - Cepal

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43 Figure I.11 LATIN AMERICA (15 COUNTRIES): FEMALE MINISTERS IN THE LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL TERMS (Percentages) 50 40 30 50 40 30 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 20 10 0 -10 I II III 20 10 0 -10 I II III Argentina Brazil Chile 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 II III Colombia Ecuador El Salvador 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III Guatemala Honduras Mexico 50 40 30 50 40 30 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 20 10 0 -10 I II III 20 10 0 -10 I II III Nicaragua Panama Paraguay 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III Peru Uruguay Venezuela (Bol. Rep. of) Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of responses to the questionnaire on unpaid work and political participation sent to the countries on 15 September 2006. Note: See annex for the duration of each period in the different countries.
44 Figure I.12 THE CARIBBEAN (10 COUNTRIES): FEMALE MINISTERS IN THE LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL TERMS (Percentages) 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III Bahamas Grenada Haiti 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 -10 I II III -10 I II III -10 I II III Cayman Islands Jamaica Puerto Rico 50 50 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III Dominican Republic 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III Sain Vincent and the Grenadines 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III Saint Maarten 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 I II III Suriname Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of responses to the questionnaire on unpaid work and political participation sent to the countries on 15 September 2006. Note: See the annex for information on the executive branch and its terms of office in the relevant countries. Generally speaking, the presence of women in ministerial cabinets is now part of the region’s culture, even if their numbers are not increasing arithmetically and are not yet consolidated. In the great majority of the countries, female ministers are a minority and research on individual trajectories is lacking. It may still be asked whether women in ministerial posts share social origins, family legacies and merit in the same proportion as men do. In Latin America and the Caribbean, there is no research to show any difference in age, educational level or family traits of the men and women involved in politics. In the case of Argentina, female representation can be tracked over a longer period of time. 15 Over 32 years, 245 ministers were appointed, of whom only 11 were women (4.7%). Women were first appointed in 1989 (in one ministry) and then not again until 1996. From that year, women figure constantly up to 2005, but have remained a minority. 15 Argentina has records on all male and female ministers in 18 ministries from 1973 to 2005.
Page 2 and 3: LC/L.2738(CRM.10/3) August 2007 The
Page 4 and 5: 1 FOREWORD The Economic Commission
Page 6 and 7: 3 INTRODUCTION The women of Latin A
Page 8: 5 essentially not on biological fac
Page 11 and 12: 8 Convention, but the process has b
Page 13 and 14: 10 among development, security and
Page 15 and 16: 12 Another sphere of democratic deb
Page 17 and 18: 14 to articulate their efforts in i
Page 19 and 20: 16 boundaries between human, reprod
Page 21 and 22: 18 relatively less powerful, new gl
Page 23 and 24: 20 universalist school’s argument
Page 25 and 26: 22 democratic movements, gradually
Page 27 and 28: 24 Table I.2 LATIN AMERICA (20 COUN
Page 29 and 30: 26 In many countries, a new collect
Page 31 and 32: 28 In Costa Rica the quota issue be
Page 33 and 34: 30 Table I.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 35 and 36: 32 The differences between the resu
Page 37 and 38: 34 Figure I.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 39 and 40: 36 Figure I.6 CARIBBEAN (11 COUNTRI
Page 41 and 42: 38 Figure I.9 CARIBBEAN (9 COUNTRIE
Page 43 and 44: 40 Women’s entry to parliament ca
Page 45: 42 Figure I.10 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
Page 49 and 50: 46 Figure I.14 LATIN AMERICA (15 CO
Page 51 and 52: 48 Table I.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 53 and 54: 50 was from 9% to 1.3%, Jamaica (fr
Page 55 and 56: 52 agencies at the highest level an
Page 58 and 59: 55 II. WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO TH
Page 60 and 61: 57 more concerned with the ethic of
Page 62 and 63: 59 Box II.1 THE WORK OF CARE IN SOC
Page 64 and 65: 61 of care on women mounts up. This
Page 66 and 67: 63 conditions of employment of work
Page 68 and 69: 65 social security and social benef
Page 70 and 71: 67 disincentive to their recruitmen
Page 72 and 73: 69 seeks to reform the constitution
Page 74 and 75: 71 Box II.4 REGULATION OF EMPLOYMEN
Page 76 and 77: 73 those in rural areas (42.1%), wh
Page 78 and 79: 75 sex and activity (see figure II.
Page 80 and 81: 77 Figure II.4 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 82 and 83: 79 Figure II.7 LATIN AMERICA (SIMPL
Page 84 and 85: 81 Box II.6 HAITI. DOMESTIC WORKERS
Page 86 and 87: 83 It is interesting to characteriz
Page 88 and 89: 85 care to the “productive” adu
Page 90 and 91: 87 Box II. 7 (concluded) To sum up,
Page 92 and 93: 89 are also inaccurate, which widen
Page 94 and 95: 91 Some progress has been made sinc
Page 96 and 97:
93 Figure II.15 AVERAGE HOURS SPENT
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95 Country Costa Rica El Salvador G
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97 domestic life is shared between
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99 employee for family reasons. The
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101 In the private sphere, there ha
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103 Table II.4 SEVEN SELECTED CITIE
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105 Box II.12 EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL SE
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107 III. TOWARDS A RESEARCH AND POL
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109 (iii) Contribute to the mainten
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111 Appendix TECHNICAL NOTES The st
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113 Household survey information al
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115 sub-module “home maintenance
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118 _____ (2003), "Políticas para
Page 122 and 123:
120 Carrasco, Cristina (2001), “H
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122 _____ (2003b), “Redes de apoy
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124 Huenchuan, Sandra and José Mig
Page 128 and 129:
126 Montaño, Sonia (2007a), “Emp
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128 Rico, María Nieves (2006), “
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130 _____ (1979), Convention on the
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Women in Latin America and the Caribbean - Cepal

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