Integrated and Modular Systems for Commercial ... - Nonstop Systems

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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Hazards external to aircraft • Terrain: � Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT): • worldwide, a leading cause of fatal accidents involving commercial air transports • usually during approach phase of flight (3% departure), usually while decending at normal flight-path angle • 25% VFR (esp. night time) • 65% IFR (esp. non-precision with step-down fixes) � currently lacking: flight deck info in intuitive format ref.: D. Carbaugh, S. Cooper: “Avoiding Controlled Flight Into Terrain”, Boeing Airliner, April-June ‘96, pp. 1-11 ref.: D. Hughes: “CFIT task force to develop simulator training aid”, AV&ST, July 10, ‘95, pp. 22, 35, 38 4
lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Hazards external to aircraft • In-Air: � atmospheric: • turbulence (inc. Clear Air Turbulence, CAT) • windshear/micro-bursts • precipitation (convective cells, tornadoes, hail, dry hail) • icing conditions (super-cooled liquid water) • wake vortex � environmental: • volcanic ash � traffic: • other aircraft (all classes) • birds ref.: J. Townsend: “Low-altitude wind shear, and its hazard to aviation”, Nat’l Academy, Washington/DC, 1983 ref.: L.S. Buurma: “Long-range surveillance radars as indicators of bird numbers aloft”, Israeli J. of Zoology, Vol. 41, ‘95, pp. 21-236 5
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Integrated and Modular Systems for
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Integrated and Modular Systems for
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Integrated and Modular Avionics •
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Engine thrust Structure & Gear Comp
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Why change avionics? • Airline/Op
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Operators seek revenue enhancement
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Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
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Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
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Avionics business • high-tech but
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Changing airtransport environment 1
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5000 Pax-km (billions, log-scale) 1
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Billions of 1995 US $ 80 60 40 20 9
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24% 23% 23% 30% 737-300 ($1834/hr)
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Big $ numbers life-time maintenance
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Save now and save later • increas
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Average schedule deviation costs de
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Integrated Modular Avionics Archite
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Fault Avoidance - prevent (by const
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Fault Tolerance Taxonomy Fault Tole
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Redundancy • Attributes: � form
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Basic ways to increase system relia
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1 System Reliability λunit = 5x10-
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Note: log-log scale F (t) 2-out-of-
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System architecture and design deci
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1.0 Rconfig(t) 0.9 0.8 dual Redunda
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Simplex Dual Triplex Quad Dual-Dual
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Integration is necessary because...
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Integration trend: Multi-Mode Recei
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Integration issues • “integrate
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Fault Tolerance for Safety, Reliabi
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Quant. Prob. 1 10-3 10-5 10-7 10-9
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Failure System Condition Design Ass
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Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI)
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Req's for Fault Avoidance (incl. Co
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Standardization issues • “gener
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Resources Hardware Software Standar
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Integration & Modularization • LR
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O/S I/O Maint. BIT Appl. Total CPU
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Effect of integrating additional fu
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assumes integration of related func
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Integration & Modularization • Ot
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German “WW II” radios • Modul
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German “WW II” radios • Recei
Page 87 and 88: Modular Electronics: Not a New Conc
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Page 93 and 94: IMA Level-1 • LRUs re-packaged as
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Page 99 and 100: ATC/ATM FMS Functional Integration
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Page 103 and 104: Integrated Flight & Thrust Control
Page 105 and 106: Modular Flight Control & Guidance C
Page 113 and 114: FCGC redundancy management - exampl
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Page 123 and 124: AlliedSignal h/w AlliedSignal h/w +
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Integ
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E - Com
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Related utilities sub-systems that
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A/C Loads lliedSignal A E R O S P A
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Integ
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E MAFT/
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Globa
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from all other nodes + wrap from ow
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E RTEM
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E MAFT/
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1 Integrated and Modular Avionics
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3 FANS: Future Air Navigation Syste
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5 Component and System Performance
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7 Component and System Performance
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9 Future ........ (cont’d) • im
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11 150 k ↑ Total airplane signal
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13 100 MB 80 MB 20 MB 10 MB 747-200
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15 System Complexity and Size Typic
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17 Given: Extrapolation ...... •
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19 Enabling technologies - componen
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Enabling technologies - drivers for
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23 Enabling technologies - design /
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25 236-pin connector Example: PC mo
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27 Example: integrated X-band power
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29 Cold-Cathode Field Emission Disp
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31 Enabling technologies - componen
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33 Resource Partitioning - part of
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35 Enabling technologies - communic
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37 High Medium Low Enabling technol
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39 Enabling technologies � s/w
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1 BOOKS BIBLIOGRAPHY F.J. Redmill (
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3 M.L. Shooman: "A study of occurre
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