Integrated and Modular Systems for Commercial ... - Nonstop Systems

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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E P1 Node architecture External I/O External I/O External I/O IPU IPU Special IOM Generic IOM Generic IOM Special H/W P2 P3 P4 P5 P3 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 K-Exec K-Exec K-Exec K-Exec K-Exec Bus I/F Bus I/F Bus I/F Bus I/F Bus I/F Fault-tolerant Backplane Databus 36
lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Processor selection criteria* • processing throughput � VAX-MIPs, Whet/Drystones, SPEC95, etc. � don’t start with top-of-line (you may out-grow it before next gen is available = EOL) • processor architecture & support � must have believable roadmap for development of architecture (no AMD29K) � life-cycle of avionics >> PCs • embeddedness � desired: minimum number of external components, i.e., component integration � counters, timers (incl. watchdog) � cache � DRAM refresh � floating point unit � memory management unit � serial port UART � JTAG port for debug, BIT, shop test, software load • operating voltage � 5, 3.3, 2.5, 2.2, 1.8, etc. Vdc - desired: cheap, low-power embedded µP that does ∞ -loop in 10 msec - *not priotitized, n-exhaustive list 37
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Integrated and Modular Systems for
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Integrated and Modular Systems for
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Integrated and Modular Avionics •
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Engine thrust Structure & Gear Comp
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Why change avionics? • Airline/Op
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Operators seek revenue enhancement
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Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
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Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
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Avionics business • high-tech but
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Changing airtransport environment 1
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5000 Pax-km (billions, log-scale) 1
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Billions of 1995 US $ 80 60 40 20 9
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24% 23% 23% 30% 737-300 ($1834/hr)
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Big $ numbers life-time maintenance
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Save now and save later • increas
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Average schedule deviation costs de
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Integrated Modular Avionics Archite
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Fault Avoidance - prevent (by const
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Fault Tolerance Taxonomy Fault Tole
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Redundancy • Attributes: � form
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Basic ways to increase system relia
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1 System Reliability λunit = 5x10-
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Note: log-log scale F (t) 2-out-of-
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System architecture and design deci
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1.0 Rconfig(t) 0.9 0.8 dual Redunda
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Simplex Dual Triplex Quad Dual-Dual
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Integration is necessary because...
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Integration trend: Multi-Mode Recei
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Integration issues • “integrate
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Fault Tolerance for Safety, Reliabi
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Quant. Prob. 1 10-3 10-5 10-7 10-9
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Failure System Condition Design Ass
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Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI)
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Req's for Fault Avoidance (incl. Co
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Standardization issues • “gener
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Resources Hardware Software Standar
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Integration & Modularization • LR
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O/S I/O Maint. BIT Appl. Total CPU
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Effect of integrating additional fu
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assumes integration of related func
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Integration & Modularization • Ot
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German “WW II” radios • Modul
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German “WW II” radios • Recei
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Modular Electronics: Not a New Conc
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Modular Electronics: Not a New Conc
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IMA - Integrated Modular Avionics L
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IMA Level-1 • LRUs re-packaged as
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IMA Level-4 & -5 • Level-4: funct
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Major Areas of Systems Integration
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ATC/ATM FMS Functional Integration
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ATC/ATM FMS Functional Integration
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Integrated Flight & Thrust Control
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Modular Flight Control & Guidance C
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FCGC redundancy management - exampl
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FCGC redundancy management - exampl
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Allie
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Page 209 and 210: 1 Integrated and Modular Avionics
Page 211 and 212: 3 FANS: Future Air Navigation Syste
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Page 215 and 216: 7 Component and System Performance
Page 217 and 218: 9 Future ........ (cont’d) • im
Page 219 and 220: 11 150 k ↑ Total airplane signal
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13 100 MB 80 MB 20 MB 10 MB 747-200
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15 System Complexity and Size Typic
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17 Given: Extrapolation ...... •
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19 Enabling technologies - componen
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Enabling technologies - drivers for
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23 Enabling technologies - design /
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25 236-pin connector Example: PC mo
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27 Example: integrated X-band power
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29 Cold-Cathode Field Emission Disp
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31 Enabling technologies - componen
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33 Resource Partitioning - part of
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35 Enabling technologies - communic
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37 High Medium Low Enabling technol
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39 Enabling technologies � s/w
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1 BOOKS BIBLIOGRAPHY F.J. Redmill (
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3 M.L. Shooman: "A study of occurre
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