Integrated and Modular Systems for Commercial ... - Nonstop Systems

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Airlines’ primary product is reliable scheduled revenue service Schedule deviations are expensive: •departure delays (up to $10k / hour) •flight cancellation (up to $50k) •in-flight diversion (up to $45k) •in terms of pax perception: incalculable - 50% of delays/cancellations caused by improper maintenance - (other causes: equipment, crew, ATC*, WX, procedures, etc.) ref.: <strong>Commercial</strong> Airline Revenue Study by GE Aircraft Engines (Jan. ‘88 - Jan. ‘92) ref.: B. Rankin, J. Allen: “Maintenance Error Decision Aid”, Boeing Airliner, April-June ‘96, pp. 20-27 * mid ‘90s cost to airlines in Eu due to ATC delays est. at $1.9-2.5B p.a. 28 ©1995-1997 F.M.G. Dörenberg
Average schedule deviation costs departure delays ($/hr) flight cancellation turn-back in-flight diversion ref.: BCAG 1993 Customer Cost Benefit Model - examples - B737 $ 2k5 $ 7k6 $ 5k9 $ 7k6 B757 $ 5k0 $ 14k9 $ 10k9 $ 12k8 B767 $ 6k3 $ 18k9 $ 13k8 $ 16k1 B747-400 $ 9k3 $ 37k2 $ 22k6 $ 28k7 29 ©1995-1997 F.M.G. Dörenberg
Page 1 and 2: Integrated and Modular Systems for
Page 3 and 4: Integrated and Modular Systems for
Page 5 and 6: Integrated and Modular Avionics •
Page 7 and 8: Engine thrust Structure & Gear Comp
Page 9 and 10: Why change avionics? • Airline/Op
Page 11 and 12: Operators seek revenue enhancement
Page 13 and 14: Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
Page 15 and 16: Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
Page 17 and 18: Avionics business • high-tech but
Page 19 and 20: Changing airtransport environment 1
Page 21 and 22: 5000 Pax-km (billions, log-scale) 1
Page 23 and 24: Billions of 1995 US $ 80 60 40 20 9
Page 25 and 26: 24% 23% 23% 30% 737-300 ($1834/hr)
Page 27 and 28: Big $ numbers life-time maintenance
Page 29: Save now and save later • increas
Page 33 and 34: Integrated Modular Avionics Archite
Page 35 and 36: Fault Avoidance - prevent (by const
Page 37 and 38: Fault Tolerance Taxonomy Fault Tole
Page 39 and 40: Redundancy • Attributes: � form
Page 41 and 42: Basic ways to increase system relia
Page 43 and 44: 1 System Reliability λunit = 5x10-
Page 45 and 46: Note: log-log scale F (t) 2-out-of-
Page 47 and 48: System architecture and design deci
Page 49 and 50: 1.0 Rconfig(t) 0.9 0.8 dual Redunda
Page 51 and 52: Simplex Dual Triplex Quad Dual-Dual
Page 53 and 54: Integration is necessary because...
Page 55 and 56: Integration trend: Multi-Mode Recei
Page 57 and 58: Integration issues • “integrate
Page 59 and 60: Fault Tolerance for Safety, Reliabi
Page 61 and 62: Quant. Prob. 1 10-3 10-5 10-7 10-9
Page 63 and 64: Failure System Condition Design Ass
Page 65 and 66: Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI)
Page 67 and 68: Req's for Fault Avoidance (incl. Co
Page 69 and 70: Standardization issues • “gener
Page 71 and 72: Resources Hardware Software Standar
Page 73 and 74: Integration & Modularization • LR
Page 75 and 76: O/S I/O Maint. BIT Appl. Total CPU
Page 77 and 78: Effect of integrating additional fu
Page 79 and 80: assumes integration of related func
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Integration & Modularization • Ot
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German “WW II” radios • Modul
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German “WW II” radios • Recei
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Modular Electronics: Not a New Conc
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Modular Electronics: Not a New Conc
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IMA - Integrated Modular Avionics L
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IMA Level-1 • LRUs re-packaged as
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IMA Level-4 & -5 • Level-4: funct
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Major Areas of Systems Integration
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ATC/ATM FMS Functional Integration
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ATC/ATM FMS Functional Integration
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Integrated Flight & Thrust Control
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Modular Flight Control & Guidance C
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FCGC redundancy management - exampl
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FCGC redundancy management - exampl
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Allie
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Berie
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AlliedSignal h/w AlliedSignal h/w +
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E ARIA-
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minus database flash memory minus D
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Two I
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E IHAS:
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E $ $$
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E IHAS
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Parti
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Proce
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Backp
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E sets
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Growt
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Fligh
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Typic
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Integ
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E - Com
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Related utilities sub-systems that
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A/C Loads lliedSignal A E R O S P A
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Integ
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Globa
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from all other nodes + wrap from ow
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1 Integrated and Modular Avionics
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3 FANS: Future Air Navigation Syste
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5 Component and System Performance
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7 Component and System Performance
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9 Future ........ (cont’d) • im
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11 150 k ↑ Total airplane signal
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13 100 MB 80 MB 20 MB 10 MB 747-200
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15 System Complexity and Size Typic
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17 Given: Extrapolation ...... •
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19 Enabling technologies - componen
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Enabling technologies - drivers for
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23 Enabling technologies - design /
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25 236-pin connector Example: PC mo
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27 Example: integrated X-band power
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29 Cold-Cathode Field Emission Disp
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31 Enabling technologies - componen
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33 Resource Partitioning - part of
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35 Enabling technologies - communic
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37 High Medium Low Enabling technol
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39 Enabling technologies � s/w
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1 BOOKS BIBLIOGRAPHY F.J. Redmill (
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3 M.L. Shooman: "A study of occurre
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