Integrated and Modular Systems for Commercial ... - Nonstop Systems

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10 CNS Radios Comm Mgt Displays Data Concentr. Air Data & Inertial Ref On-Board Maint Pax Comm. Pax Entertain. Condition Mon. Flight Warning Flight Safety - FDR, CVR - TCAS - GPWS - WX FMS AP/AT Perf Mgt Future ........ (cont’d) Bleed Air Bleed Leak Det Avionics Cooling Cargo Fire Prot Eng. Fire Prot Smoke Detect Anti-Ice Cabin Air - pressure - conditioning Environmental Control PFCS SFCS AFS Avionics Flight Control Elec Pwr Gen Elec Pwr Distr Load Mgt Windshld Heat DC sensors Lighting - external - flight deck - cabin Cargo Handling Potable Water Lavs & Waste Galley Escape System Oxygen Electrical Engine Control Thermal Mgt Thrust Reverse Fuel Control APU Control Propulsion Hyd Supply Control Surface Actuation Landing Gears Steering Brakes Payload Hydro-Mechanical Hydro Mechanical 6-7 7 IMAs + remotes ©1997 F.M.G. Dörenberg
11 150 k ↑ Total airplane signal interfaces (digital words / labels & analog) 100 k 50 k System Complexity and Size - trends - 747-200 System Complexity 747-400 777-200 757/767-200 0 1970 1980 Year 1990 ↑ ↑ installed software 100 MB 80 MB 20 MB 10 MB System Size 2x every 2 years A310 partially driven by Ada req't A320 A330/340 747-400 777-200 747-200 757/767-200 Apollo 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Year 1995 ref.: P. Gartz: “Systems Engineering,” tutorial at 13th & 14th DASC, Boston/MA, Nov. 1995; ref.: Airbus Industries (pers. conv.) ref.: P. Gartz: “Trends in avionics systems architecture”, presented at 9th DASC, Virginia Beach/VA, Oct. ‘90, 23 pp. ref.: P. Pelton, K. Scarborough.: “Systems Engineering Experiences from the 777 AIMS program,” proc. 14th AIAA/IEEE DASC, Boston/MA, Nov. 1995 ↑ > 2M SLOCs ©1997 F.M.G. Dörenberg
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Integrated and Modular Systems for
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Integrated and Modular Systems for
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Integrated and Modular Avionics •
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Engine thrust Structure & Gear Comp
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Why change avionics? • Airline/Op
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Operators seek revenue enhancement
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Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
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Why change avionics? (cont’d) •
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Avionics business • high-tech but
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Changing airtransport environment 1
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5000 Pax-km (billions, log-scale) 1
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Billions of 1995 US $ 80 60 40 20 9
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24% 23% 23% 30% 737-300 ($1834/hr)
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Big $ numbers life-time maintenance
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Save now and save later • increas
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Average schedule deviation costs de
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Integrated Modular Avionics Archite
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Fault Avoidance - prevent (by const
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Fault Tolerance Taxonomy Fault Tole
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Redundancy • Attributes: � form
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Basic ways to increase system relia
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1 System Reliability λunit = 5x10-
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Note: log-log scale F (t) 2-out-of-
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System architecture and design deci
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1.0 Rconfig(t) 0.9 0.8 dual Redunda
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Simplex Dual Triplex Quad Dual-Dual
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Integration is necessary because...
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Integration trend: Multi-Mode Recei
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Integration issues • “integrate
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Fault Tolerance for Safety, Reliabi
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Quant. Prob. 1 10-3 10-5 10-7 10-9
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Failure System Condition Design Ass
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Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI)
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Req's for Fault Avoidance (incl. Co
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Standardization issues • “gener
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Resources Hardware Software Standar
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Integration & Modularization • LR
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O/S I/O Maint. BIT Appl. Total CPU
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Effect of integrating additional fu
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assumes integration of related func
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Integration & Modularization • Ot
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German “WW II” radios • Modul
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German “WW II” radios • Recei
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Modular Electronics: Not a New Conc
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Modular Electronics: Not a New Conc
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IMA - Integrated Modular Avionics L
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IMA Level-1 • LRUs re-packaged as
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IMA Level-4 & -5 • Level-4: funct
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Major Areas of Systems Integration
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ATC/ATM FMS Functional Integration
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ATC/ATM FMS Functional Integration
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Integrated Flight & Thrust Control
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Modular Flight Control & Guidance C
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FCGC redundancy management - exampl
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FCGC redundancy management - exampl
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Berie
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E Kiev
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AlliedSignal h/w AlliedSignal h/w +
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E ARIA-
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minus database flash memory minus D
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E ref.:
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lliedSignal A E R O S P A C E IHAS:
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Page 209 and 210: 1 Integrated and Modular Avionics
Page 211 and 212: 3 FANS: Future Air Navigation Syste
Page 213 and 214: 5 Component and System Performance
Page 215 and 216: 7 Component and System Performance
Page 217: 9 Future ........ (cont’d) • im
Page 221 and 222: 13 100 MB 80 MB 20 MB 10 MB 747-200
Page 223 and 224: 15 System Complexity and Size Typic
Page 225 and 226: 17 Given: Extrapolation ...... •
Page 227 and 228: 19 Enabling technologies - componen
Page 229 and 230: Enabling technologies - drivers for
Page 231 and 232: 23 Enabling technologies - design /
Page 233 and 234: 25 236-pin connector Example: PC mo
Page 235 and 236: 27 Example: integrated X-band power
Page 237 and 238: 29 Cold-Cathode Field Emission Disp
Page 239 and 240: 31 Enabling technologies - componen
Page 241 and 242: 33 Resource Partitioning - part of
Page 243 and 244: 35 Enabling technologies - communic
Page 245 and 246: 37 High Medium Low Enabling technol
Page 247 and 248: 39 Enabling technologies � s/w
Page 249 and 250: 1 BOOKS BIBLIOGRAPHY F.J. Redmill (
Page 251 and 252: 3 M.L. Shooman: "A study of occurre
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