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112 Ancoli-Israel S, Roth T (1999). Characteristics of insomnia in the United States: Results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation survey. Sleep, 22 (suppl.2):S347–S353. Anderson CMB (1971). The measurement of attitude to noise and noises, National Physical Laboratory Acoustics Report, AC 52, Teddington, Middlesex. Angersbach D et al. (1980). A retrospective cohort study comparing complaints and disease in day and shift workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 45:i27–i40. Arguelles A et al. (1970). Endocrine and metabolic effects of noise in normal, hypertensive and psychotic subjects. In: Welch BL and Welch AS, eds. Physiological effects of noise. Plenum Press, New York. Aristotle (350 B.C.E). On sleep and sleeplessness, Translated by J. I. Beare, http://classics.mit.edu/ Aristotle/sleep.html. Arnetz B et al. (1986). Lakares arbetsmiljo: psykosociala, fysikaliska saint fysiologiska data fran en strukturerad djupintervju och biokemisk undersokning av allmanlakare och allmankirurger. Stressforskningsrapport, IPM, No. 187. Aronen ET et al. (2000). Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in school-age children. Journal of the American Academy of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39:502–508. ATS (American Thoracic Society) (1999) Cardiorespiratory sleep studies in children. Establishment of normative data and polysomnographic predictors of morbidity. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 160:1381–1387. Axelsson G, Rylander R (1989). Outcome of pregnancy in relation to irregular and inconvenient work schedules. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 46:306–312. Axelsson G, Lutz C, Rylander R (1984). Exposure to solvents and outcome of pregnancy in university laboratory employees. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 41:305–312. Axelsson J et al. (2004). Tolerance to shift work – how does it relate to sleep and wakefulness? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 77(2):121–9. Ayas NT et al. (2001). Effectiveness of CPAP treatment in daytime function in sleep apnea syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 164:608–613. Babisch W (2000). Traffic noise and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological review and synthesis. Noise & Health, 2 (8):9–32. Babisch W (2002). The noise/stress concept, risk assessment and research needs. Noise & Health, 4 (16):1–11. Babisch W (2003). Stress hormones in the research on cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise & Health, 5 (18):1–11. Babisch W (2004a). Health aspects of extra-aural noise research. Noise & Health, 6 (22):69–81. Babisch W (2004b).The NaRoMI study: Executive summary – traffic noise. In: Umweltbundesamt, ed. Chronic noise as a risk factor for myocardial infarction, The NaRoMI study (major technical report). WaBoLu-Hefte 02/04, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin. Babisch W (2004c), Die NaRoMI-Studie, Auswertung, Bewertung und vertiefende Analysen zum Verkehrslärm. In: Umweltbundesamt, ed. Chronischer Lärm als Risikofaktor für den Myokardinfarkt, Ergenbisse der “NaRoMI”-Studie. WaBoLu-Hefte 03/04, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin. Babisch W (2006). Transportation noise and cardiovascular risk. Review and synthesis of epidemiological studies, dose-effect curve and risk estimation (http://www.umweltdaten.de/publikationen/fpdf-l/2997.pdf, accessed 1 March 2007). Babisch W, Gallacher JEJ (1990). Traffic noise, blood pressure and other risk factors: the Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies. In: Berglund B, Lindvall T, eds. New advances in noise research, part I. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, Stockholm 1988, Stockholm, Swedish Council for Building Research. NIGHT NOISE GUIDELINES FOR EUROPE
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NIGHT NOISE GUIDELINES FOR EUROPE
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Keywords NOISE - ADVERSE EFFECTS -
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IV CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF NI
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VI ABSTRACT The WHO Regional Office
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VIII LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Torbjörn
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X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROCESS OF DEVE
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XII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An example of
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XIV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Effect Indica
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XVI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 50 100 Fig. 4
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XVIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For the pri
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2 METHODS AND CRITERIA impact on th
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4 METHODS AND CRITERIA ITALY: NETHE
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6 METHODS AND CRITERIA There are im
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8 METHODS AND CRITERIA use and heal
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10 METHODS AND CRITERIA L night = L
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12 METHODS AND CRITERIA 1.3.6 BACKG
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14 METHODS AND CRITERIA Fig. 1.8 sh
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16 SLEEP AND HEALTH • Stage 2 req
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18 SLEEP AND HEALTH Table 2.3 Mean
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20 SLEEP AND HEALTH vegetative, mot
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22 SLEEP AND HEALTH mal range. The
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24 SLEEP AND HEALTH Type Behavioura
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26 SLEEP AND HEALTH sible beyond th
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28 SLEEP AND HEALTH Early reports d
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30 SLEEP AND HEALTH ents’ reports
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32 SLEEP AND HEALTH Although cortic
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34 SLEEP AND HEALTH causal relation
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36 SLEEP AND HEALTH cardiovascular
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38 SLEEP AND HEALTH So do fatigue-r
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40 SLEEP AND HEALTH ers that the ag
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42 SLEEP AND HEALTH 2.5 ANIMAL STUD
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46 EFFECTS ON SLEEP ing sleep stage
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48 EFFECTS ON SLEEP sleep time can
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50 EFFECTS ON SLEEP the instantaneo
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52 EFFECTS ON SLEEP Table 3.1. Coef
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54 EFFECTS ON SLEEP motility have b
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58 EFFECTS ON HEALTH for aircraft:
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60 EFFECTS ON HEALTH acoustic and n
Page 82 and 83: 62 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Noise Exposure
Page 84 and 85: 64 EFFECTS ON HEALTH commonly accep
Page 86 and 87: 66 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Regarding mean
Page 88 and 89: 68 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1992). The rel
Page 90 and 91: 70 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Regarding airc
Page 92 and 93: 72 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.5.10 DOSE-RE
Page 94 and 95: 74 EFFECTS ON HEALTH larger increas
Page 96 and 97: 76 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.5.14 RISK EV
Page 98 and 99: 78 EFFECTS ON HEALTH No particular
Page 100 and 101: 80 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Research into
Page 102 and 103: 82 EFFECTS ON HEALTH tle direct res
Page 104 and 105: 84 EFFECTS ON HEALTH level of expos
Page 106 and 107: 86 EFFECTS ON HEALTH lage newly exp
Page 108 and 109: 88 EFFECTS ON HEALTH ting the stres
Page 110 and 111: 90 EFFECTS ON HEALTH In a United Ki
Page 112 and 113: 92 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.8.14 ASSOCIA
Page 114 and 115: 94 EFFECTS ON HEALTH noise-related
Page 116 and 117: 96 EFFECTS ON HEALTH have had exper
Page 118 and 119: 98 EFFECTS ON HEALTH • number of
Page 120 and 121: 100 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Furthermore,
Page 122 and 123: 102 GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 134 and 135: 114 Bistrup ML (2003). Prevention o
Page 136 and 137: 116 Cartwright J, Flindell I (2000)
Page 138 and 139: 118 der Streßforschung (Bonner Ver
Page 140 and 141: 120 Goto K, Kaneko T (2002). Distri
Page 142 and 143: 122 Ishihara K (1999). The effect o
Page 144 and 145: 124 Kogi K, Ohta T (1975). Incidenc
Page 146 and 147: 126 Marth E et al. (1988). Fluglär
Page 148 and 149: 128 Nieminen P et al. (2002). Growt
Page 150 and 151: 130 Reyner et al. (1995). Patterns
Page 152 and 153: 132 Suter AH (1992). Noise sources
Page 154 and 155: 134 Weed DL (2000). Interpreting ep
Page 156 and 157: 136 APPENDICES Term/acronym Definit
Page 158 and 159: 138 APPENDICES APPENDIX 3. ANIMAL S
Page 160 and 161: 140 APPENDICES cause a certain habi
Page 162 and 163: 142 APPENDICES • Acute exposure t
Page 164 and 165: 144 APPENDICES dence indicate that
Page 166 and 167: 146 APPENDICES Fig.1 Effects of 12
Page 168 and 169: ) 148 APPENDICES 50 40 Young rats O
Page 170 and 171: 150 APPENDICES neuronal degeneratio
Page 172 and 173: 152 Gesi M et al. (2002a). Morpholo
Page 174 and 175: 154 APPENDIX 4. NOISE AND SLEEP IN
Page 176 and 177: 156 APPENDICES during quiet sleep (
Page 178 and 179: 158 APPENDICES (American Academy of
Page 180 and 181: 160 APPENDICES cents, 12.2% of adol
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162 REFERENCES Abel SM (1990). The
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The WHO Regional Office for Europe
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