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130 Reyner et al. (1995). Patterns of spontaneous and evoked body movements during sleep. Sleep, 18 (3):209–211. RFV (2003). Lan-tidssjukskrivna - egenskaper vid 2003 ars RFV-LS-undersokning. Rhodes SK et al. (1995). Neurocognitive deficits in morbidly obese children with obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Pediatrics, 127:741–744. Ribet C, Derriennic F (1999). Age, working conditions, and sleep disorders: a longitudinal analysis in the French cohort. Enquête Santé, Travail et Vieillissement (ESTEV), 22:491–504. Richards W, Ferdman RM. (2000). Prolonged morbidity due to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Clinical Pediatrics, 39:103–108. Riemann D, Berger M, Voderholzer U (2001). Sleep and depression – results from psychobiological studies: an overview, Biological Psychology, 57 (1–3):67–103. Roberts E, Roberts CR, Chen IG. (2002). Impact of insomnia on future functioning of adolescents. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53 (1):561– 569. Rockhill B (2005). Commentary. The message is rarely simple: the j-curve and beyond. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34:44–45. Romon M, Nuttens MC, Fievet C (1992). Increased triglyceride levels in shift workers. American Journal of Medicine, 93 (3):259–262. Rose G (2005). Incubation period of coronary heart disease. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34:242–244. Rose GA, Blackburn H (1968). Cardiovascular survey methods. 1st edition, World Health Organization, Geneva. Rosenlund M et al. (2001).Increased prevalence of hypertension in a population exposed to aircraft noise. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 58:769–773. Roth T, Ancoli-Israel S (1999). Daytime consequences and correlates of insomnia in the United States: results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey, II. Sleep, 22 (suppl. 2):S354–S358. Sadeh A, Gruber R, Raviv A (2000). Sleep patterns and sleep disruptions in school-age children. Developmental Psychology, 36:291–301. Sadeh A, Gruber R, Raviv A (2002). Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior problems in school-age children. Child Development, 73:405–417. Sadeh A, Gruber R, Raviv A (2003). The effects of sleep restriction and extension on school-age children: what a difference an hour makes. Child Development, 74:444–455. Sadeh A et al. (1995). Sleep and psychological characteristics of children on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34 (6):813–819. Sateia M et al. (2000). Evaluation of chronic insomnia. Sleep, 23 (2):243–263. Scharnberg T et al. (1982). Beeinträchtigung des Nachtschlafs durch Lärm. Eine interdisziplinäre Feldstudie der Technischen Universität Berlin und der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Forschungsbericht Nr. 82-1050-1207. Schernhammer ES et al. (2003). Night-shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in the nurses’ health study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95:825–828. Schlesselman JJ (1987). “Proof” of cause and effect in epidemiologic studies: criteria for judgment. Preventive Medicine, 16:195–210. Schreckenberg D et al. (1999). An interdisciplinary study on railway and road traffic noise: annoyance differences. 137th ASA Meeting and 25th DAGA Conference. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105 (2):1219. Schulte W, Otten H (1993). Ergebnisse einer Tieffluglärmstudie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Extraaurale Langzeitwirkungen [Results of a low-altitude flight noise study in Germany: longterm extra-aural effects]. In: Ising H, Kruppa B, eds. Lärm und Krankheit – Noise and disease. NIGHT NOISE GUIDELINES FOR EUROPE
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NIGHT NOISE GUIDELINES FOR EUROPE
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Keywords NOISE - ADVERSE EFFECTS -
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IV CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF NI
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VI ABSTRACT The WHO Regional Office
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VIII LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Torbjörn
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X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROCESS OF DEVE
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XII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An example of
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XIV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Effect Indica
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XVI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 50 100 Fig. 4
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XVIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For the pri
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2 METHODS AND CRITERIA impact on th
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4 METHODS AND CRITERIA ITALY: NETHE
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6 METHODS AND CRITERIA There are im
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8 METHODS AND CRITERIA use and heal
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10 METHODS AND CRITERIA L night = L
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12 METHODS AND CRITERIA 1.3.6 BACKG
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14 METHODS AND CRITERIA Fig. 1.8 sh
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16 SLEEP AND HEALTH • Stage 2 req
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18 SLEEP AND HEALTH Table 2.3 Mean
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20 SLEEP AND HEALTH vegetative, mot
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22 SLEEP AND HEALTH mal range. The
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24 SLEEP AND HEALTH Type Behavioura
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26 SLEEP AND HEALTH sible beyond th
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28 SLEEP AND HEALTH Early reports d
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30 SLEEP AND HEALTH ents’ reports
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32 SLEEP AND HEALTH Although cortic
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34 SLEEP AND HEALTH causal relation
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36 SLEEP AND HEALTH cardiovascular
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38 SLEEP AND HEALTH So do fatigue-r
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40 SLEEP AND HEALTH ers that the ag
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42 SLEEP AND HEALTH 2.5 ANIMAL STUD
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46 EFFECTS ON SLEEP ing sleep stage
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48 EFFECTS ON SLEEP sleep time can
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50 EFFECTS ON SLEEP the instantaneo
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52 EFFECTS ON SLEEP Table 3.1. Coef
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54 EFFECTS ON SLEEP motility have b
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58 EFFECTS ON HEALTH for aircraft:
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60 EFFECTS ON HEALTH acoustic and n
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62 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Noise Exposure
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64 EFFECTS ON HEALTH commonly accep
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66 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Regarding mean
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68 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1992). The rel
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70 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Regarding airc
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72 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.5.10 DOSE-RE
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74 EFFECTS ON HEALTH larger increas
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76 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.5.14 RISK EV
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78 EFFECTS ON HEALTH No particular
Page 100 and 101: 80 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Research into
Page 102 and 103: 82 EFFECTS ON HEALTH tle direct res
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Page 106 and 107: 86 EFFECTS ON HEALTH lage newly exp
Page 108 and 109: 88 EFFECTS ON HEALTH ting the stres
Page 110 and 111: 90 EFFECTS ON HEALTH In a United Ki
Page 112 and 113: 92 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.8.14 ASSOCIA
Page 114 and 115: 94 EFFECTS ON HEALTH noise-related
Page 116 and 117: 96 EFFECTS ON HEALTH have had exper
Page 118 and 119: 98 EFFECTS ON HEALTH • number of
Page 120 and 121: 100 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Furthermore,
Page 122 and 123: 102 GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 132 and 133: 112 Ancoli-Israel S, Roth T (1999).
Page 134 and 135: 114 Bistrup ML (2003). Prevention o
Page 136 and 137: 116 Cartwright J, Flindell I (2000)
Page 138 and 139: 118 der Streßforschung (Bonner Ver
Page 140 and 141: 120 Goto K, Kaneko T (2002). Distri
Page 142 and 143: 122 Ishihara K (1999). The effect o
Page 144 and 145: 124 Kogi K, Ohta T (1975). Incidenc
Page 146 and 147: 126 Marth E et al. (1988). Fluglär
Page 148 and 149: 128 Nieminen P et al. (2002). Growt
Page 152 and 153: 132 Suter AH (1992). Noise sources
Page 154 and 155: 134 Weed DL (2000). Interpreting ep
Page 156 and 157: 136 APPENDICES Term/acronym Definit
Page 158 and 159: 138 APPENDICES APPENDIX 3. ANIMAL S
Page 160 and 161: 140 APPENDICES cause a certain habi
Page 162 and 163: 142 APPENDICES • Acute exposure t
Page 164 and 165: 144 APPENDICES dence indicate that
Page 166 and 167: 146 APPENDICES Fig.1 Effects of 12
Page 168 and 169: ) 148 APPENDICES 50 40 Young rats O
Page 170 and 171: 150 APPENDICES neuronal degeneratio
Page 172 and 173: 152 Gesi M et al. (2002a). Morpholo
Page 174 and 175: 154 APPENDIX 4. NOISE AND SLEEP IN
Page 176 and 177: 156 APPENDICES during quiet sleep (
Page 178 and 179: 158 APPENDICES (American Academy of
Page 180 and 181: 160 APPENDICES cents, 12.2% of adol
Page 182 and 183: 162 REFERENCES Abel SM (1990). The
Page 184: The WHO Regional Office for Europe
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