Night noise guidelines for Europe - WHO/Europe - World Health ...

CONTENTS
V
4.8.5 Neighbourhood noise and mental health 86
4.8.6 Mechanisms for causal links between noise and mental health 87
4.8.7 Habituation to noise and mental health 88
4.8.8 Risk groups for mental health effects from noise 88
4.8.9 Population groups at risk for mental health effects from noise 88
4.8.10 Noise sensitivity 88
4.8.11 Mental health consequences of insomnia 90
4.8.12 Insomnia as a mental health symptom 91
4.8.13 Depressive episode and anxiety disorders 91
4.8.14 Associations between insomnia and psychiatric disorders 92
4.8.15 Conclusions: associations between noise and
psychiatric disorders 93
4.9 The severity of self-reported sleep disturbance 93
4.9.1 Introduction 93
4.9.2 An assessment of disability weights 94
4.9.3 Comparison between insomnia and self-reported
sleep disturbance 94
4.9.4 Conclusions 96
4.10 Discussion: can chronic short-term effects cause
long-term effects on health? 97
CHAPTER 5
GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Assessment 101
5.2 Thresholds for observed effects 102
5.3 Relations with L night,outside 102
5.4 Dealing with situations exceeding the thresholds 105
5.5 Protection measures and control 107
5.6 Recommendations for health protection 108
5.7 Relation with the guidelines for community noise (1999) 110
REFERENCES 111
Appendix 1. Glossary of terms and acronyms 135
Appendix 2. Relations between L night and instantaneous effects 137
Appendix 3. Animal studies on stress and mortality 138
Appendix 4. Noise and sleep in children 154