Night noise guidelines for Europe - WHO/Europe - World Health ...

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162 REFERENCES Abel SM (1990). The extra-auditory effects of noise and annoyance: an overview of research. Journal of Otoryngology 1:1–13. American Academy of Pediatrics (1974). Committee on Environmental Hazards. Noise pollution: neonatal aspects. Pediatrics, 54:476–479. Ando Y, Hattori H (1977). Effects of noise on sleep of babies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62:199–204. Bullinger M et al. (1999). The psychological cost of aircraft noise for children. Zentralblad Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, 202:127–138. Busby KA, Mercier L, Pivik RT (1994). Ontogenetic variations in auditory arousal threshold during sleep. Psychophysiology, 31:182–188. Committee on Environment Health of the American Academy of Pediatrics (1997). Noise: a hazard for the fetus and newborn. Pediatrics, 100:724–727. Franco P et al. (1998). Auditory arousal thresholds are higher when infants sleep in the prone position. Journal of Pediatrics, 132:240–243. Franco P et al. (1999). Prenatal exposure to cigarettes is associated with decreased arousal propensity in infants. Journal of Pediatrics, 135:34–8. Franco P et al. (2000). The influence of a pacifier on infants’ arousals from sleep. Journal of Pediatrics, 136:775–779. Franco P et al. (2001). Ambient temperature is associated with changes in infants’ arousability form sleep. Sleep, 24:325–329. Franco P et al. (2002). Decreased arousals in infants sleeping with the face covered by bedclothes. Pediatrics, 109:112–117. Franco P. Decreased arousals in healthy infants following short-term sleep deprivation. Sleep, (submitted). Gädeke R et al. (1969). The noise level in a childrens’ hospital and the wake-up threshold in infants. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 58:164–170. Graven SN (2000). Sound and the developing infant in the NICU: conclusions and recommendations for care. Journal of Perinatology, 20:S88–93. Kahn A, Picard E, Blum D (1986). Auditory arousal thresholds of normal and near-miss SIDS infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 28:299–302. Kahn A et al. (1989). Sleep problems in healthy preadolescents. Pediatrics, 84:542 – 546. Keipert JA (1985). The harmful effects of noise in a children’s ward. Australian Paediatric Journal, 21:101–103. Lukas JS (1975). Noise and sleep: a literature review and a proposed criterion for assessing effect. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 58:1232–1242. McLean EK, Tarnopolsky A (1977). Noise, discomfort and mental health. Psychological Medicine, 7:19–62. Mills JH (1975). Noise and children: a review of literature. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 58:767–779. Morrell S, Taylor R, Lyle D (1997). A review of health effects of aircraft noise. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 21:221–236. Muzet A et al. (1980). Habituation and age differences of cardiovascular responses to noise during sleep. In: Sleep 1980, 5th European Congress of Sleep Research, Amsterdam, pp 212–215 (quoted by Abel, 1980). Rechtschaffen A, Hauri P, Zeitlin M (1966). Auditory awakening thresholds in REM and NREM sleep stages. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 22:927–942. Semczuk B (1967). Studies on the influence of acoustic stimuli on respiratory movements. Polish Medical Journal, 7:1070–1100. Thomas DA et al. (1996). The effect of sleep deprivation on sleep states, breathing events, peripheral chemosensiveness and arousal propensity in healthy 3 month old infants. European Respiratory Journal, 9:932–938. NIGHT NOISE GUIDELINES FOR EUROPE
NIGHT NOISE GUIDELINES FOR EUROPE
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Keywords NOISE - ADVERSE EFFECTS -
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IV CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF NI
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VI ABSTRACT The WHO Regional Office
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VIII LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Torbjörn
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X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROCESS OF DEVE
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XII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An example of
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XIV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Effect Indica
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XVI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 50 100 Fig. 4
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XVIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For the pri
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2 METHODS AND CRITERIA impact on th
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4 METHODS AND CRITERIA ITALY: NETHE
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6 METHODS AND CRITERIA There are im
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8 METHODS AND CRITERIA use and heal
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10 METHODS AND CRITERIA L night = L
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12 METHODS AND CRITERIA 1.3.6 BACKG
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14 METHODS AND CRITERIA Fig. 1.8 sh
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16 SLEEP AND HEALTH • Stage 2 req
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18 SLEEP AND HEALTH Table 2.3 Mean
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20 SLEEP AND HEALTH vegetative, mot
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22 SLEEP AND HEALTH mal range. The
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24 SLEEP AND HEALTH Type Behavioura
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26 SLEEP AND HEALTH sible beyond th
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28 SLEEP AND HEALTH Early reports d
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30 SLEEP AND HEALTH ents’ reports
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32 SLEEP AND HEALTH Although cortic
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34 SLEEP AND HEALTH causal relation
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36 SLEEP AND HEALTH cardiovascular
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38 SLEEP AND HEALTH So do fatigue-r
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40 SLEEP AND HEALTH ers that the ag
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42 SLEEP AND HEALTH 2.5 ANIMAL STUD
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46 EFFECTS ON SLEEP ing sleep stage
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48 EFFECTS ON SLEEP sleep time can
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50 EFFECTS ON SLEEP the instantaneo
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52 EFFECTS ON SLEEP Table 3.1. Coef
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54 EFFECTS ON SLEEP motility have b
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58 EFFECTS ON HEALTH for aircraft:
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60 EFFECTS ON HEALTH acoustic and n
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62 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Noise Exposure
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64 EFFECTS ON HEALTH commonly accep
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66 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Regarding mean
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68 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1992). The rel
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70 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Regarding airc
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72 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.5.10 DOSE-RE
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74 EFFECTS ON HEALTH larger increas
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76 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.5.14 RISK EV
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78 EFFECTS ON HEALTH No particular
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80 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Research into
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82 EFFECTS ON HEALTH tle direct res
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84 EFFECTS ON HEALTH level of expos
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86 EFFECTS ON HEALTH lage newly exp
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88 EFFECTS ON HEALTH ting the stres
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90 EFFECTS ON HEALTH In a United Ki
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92 EFFECTS ON HEALTH 4.8.14 ASSOCIA
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94 EFFECTS ON HEALTH noise-related
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96 EFFECTS ON HEALTH have had exper
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98 EFFECTS ON HEALTH • number of
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100 EFFECTS ON HEALTH Furthermore,
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102 GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Page 132 and 133: 112 Ancoli-Israel S, Roth T (1999).
Page 134 and 135: 114 Bistrup ML (2003). Prevention o
Page 136 and 137: 116 Cartwright J, Flindell I (2000)
Page 138 and 139: 118 der Streßforschung (Bonner Ver
Page 140 and 141: 120 Goto K, Kaneko T (2002). Distri
Page 142 and 143: 122 Ishihara K (1999). The effect o
Page 144 and 145: 124 Kogi K, Ohta T (1975). Incidenc
Page 146 and 147: 126 Marth E et al. (1988). Fluglär
Page 148 and 149: 128 Nieminen P et al. (2002). Growt
Page 150 and 151: 130 Reyner et al. (1995). Patterns
Page 152 and 153: 132 Suter AH (1992). Noise sources
Page 154 and 155: 134 Weed DL (2000). Interpreting ep
Page 156 and 157: 136 APPENDICES Term/acronym Definit
Page 158 and 159: 138 APPENDICES APPENDIX 3. ANIMAL S
Page 160 and 161: 140 APPENDICES cause a certain habi
Page 162 and 163: 142 APPENDICES • Acute exposure t
Page 164 and 165: 144 APPENDICES dence indicate that
Page 166 and 167: 146 APPENDICES Fig.1 Effects of 12
Page 168 and 169: ) 148 APPENDICES 50 40 Young rats O
Page 170 and 171: 150 APPENDICES neuronal degeneratio
Page 172 and 173: 152 Gesi M et al. (2002a). Morpholo
Page 174 and 175: 154 APPENDIX 4. NOISE AND SLEEP IN
Page 176 and 177: 156 APPENDICES during quiet sleep (
Page 178 and 179: 158 APPENDICES (American Academy of
Page 180 and 181: 160 APPENDICES cents, 12.2% of adol
Page 184: The WHO Regional Office for Europe
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