construction and refurbishment of earthen irrigation channel banks

Construction and Refurbishment of Earthen Channel Banks August 2002 - Edition 1.0 19-9Table 19-1 Construction EquipmentWater Cart a a • Wetting material at borrow pit or on bank • Wetting of material should only be carried out by an approvedwater cart.• Refer to Section 16, Compaction Control.Roller a • A range of towed and self-propelled rollers to suit materialand site conditions.• Can be used for stripping. Material can be loaded from awindrow by a front-end loaderGrader a a a a a • Useful for spreading access track gravel or topsoil• Graders are limited to use where stripping can be windrowed.Backhoe a a • For small channels may be used for excavating channelwaterwayFront-endloadera a • Required to load material from borrow pit on to dump trucksif using a bulldozer to excavate.• May be necessary for a bulldozer to work material to be loaded• Limited by the digging ease of the material• Large capacity trucks can be used over relatively long hauldistances• Rear-dump trucks are suited to tipping into restricted siteswhere maximum manoeuvrability is required.DumpTrucksa a a • Truck traffic along the bank will aid compactionDragline a a • Hydraulic excavators are more efficient and versatile.• VersatileHydraulicExcavatora a a a • Can dig from the face, mix material in borrow pit, and loadinto hauling units• Can use cross-dozing technique to shift material fromwaterway up batters onto bank• Useful to excavate waterway and spread on smaller channels• Can be used to excavate borrow pit, although this is moreefficiently carried out by an excavator• Limited by length of push or haulBulldozer a a a a a a a a • Versatile• Tracks alone may not be sufficient to achieve requiredcompaction.• Limited by terrain, length of haul and supported ability or ground• Costs increase as the haul distances increase• Will aid compaction• Need manoeuvring or working space difficult to operate onrestricted site• Efficient on large channels for moving waterway and borrowmaterial to banks• Fully loaded scrapers are generally prohibited from public roadsbecause of heavy wheel loads and interference with road trafficScraper a a a a a a a a • Suitable for relatively short haul distances (1km)• Cannot mix different layers of borrow pit materialClearingStrippingExcavationof borrow pitExcavationof channelwaterwayLoading ofborrowmaterialHaulageSpreadingMoistureControlCompactionTrimmingProtectiveCoveringEquipment Function Advantages Limitations13/08/02 20:26