Invasiveness Ranking System for Non-Native Plants of Alaska

Role of anthropogenic and natural disturbance in3establishment (0–5)Narrowleaf hawksbeard readily colonizes disturbed sites andopen areas (Densmore et al. 2001, I. Lapina pers obs). However,it has established on river bars in southeast Alaska (M. Shephardpers. obs.) and following forest fires (Villano 2007).Current global distribution (0–5) 5The present world distribution of narrowleaf hawksbeard includesmost of Europe, Asia, and North America to the subarctic–arcticzone (Hultén. 1968).Extent of the species U.S. range and/or occurrence of5formal state or provincial listing (0–5)Narrowleaf hawksbeard is widespread in the northeastern UnitedStates and Canada (Royer and Dickinson 1999, USDA 2002). It islisted as noxious in Minnesota, Alberta, and Manitoba (InvadersDatabase System 2003).Total for Ecological Amplitude and Distribution 18/25Feasibility of ControlScoreSeed banks (0–3)ULongevity of seed bank is not documented. Densmore (2001)suggested seed viability of 1 year or less.Vegetative regeneration (0–3) 0Narrowleaf hawksbeard does not resprout after abovegroundgrowth is removed (Densmore et al. 2001).Level of effort required (0–4) 3Narrowleaf hawksbeard does not persist without repeatedanthropogenic disturbance in Alaska. It is likely that controlcan be accomplished with repeated mechanical or chemicaltreatments. Future monitoring after site eradication is importantas this plant is likely to be reintroduced after it is eradicated(Densmore et al. 2001).Total for Feasibility of Control 3/7Total score for 4 sections 47/87§Crupina vulgaris Cass.Ranking SummaryEcoregion known or expected to occur inSouth CoastalInterior BorealArctic AlpinePotential Max.Ecological ImpactBiological Characteristics and DispersalAmplitude and DistributionFeasibility of ControlRelative MaximumRejected from considerationClimatic ComparisonCollected inAlaska regions?common names: common crupina, bearded creeperNoNoNoScoreCLIMEXsimilarity?South CoastalInterior BorealArctic AlpineCrupina vulgaris has not been collected in Alaska (Hultén 1968,Welsh 1974, AKEPIC 2004, UAM 2004). The native populationof Crupina vulgaris is distributed around the Mediterraneanregion. Western limits are the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco.Northern limits include southern Europe, northern Greece, andTurkey. The range extends south to northern Iran and Iraq andeast to the Caucasus region, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, andnortheastern Afghanistan. This species has been introducedin Idaho, California, Washington, and Oregon (Garnatje et al.2002, USDA 2002, USDA, ARS 2005). The CLIMEX climatematching program indicates the climatic similarity betweenJuneau, Fairbanks, and Nome and areas where the species isdocumented is low. Similarity between Juneau, Fairbanks, andNome and Soria and Cuenca, Spain and Braganca, Portugal is25% to 30%. Similarity between Alaska climate with areas ofCrupina introduced range in Oregon and Idaho is 21% to 40%.Thus establishment of Crupina vulgaris in Alaska is unlikely. Thisspecies is rejected from consideration for ranking.Ecological ImpactScoreImpact on Ecosystem Processes (0–10)Impact on Natural Community Structure (0–10)Impact on Natural Community Composition (0–10)Impact on Higher Trophic Levels (0–10)Total for Ecological Impact /Biological Characteristics and Dispersal ScoreMode of Reproduction (0–3)Long-distance dispersal (0–3)Spread by humans (0–3)Allelopathic (0–2)Competitive Ability (0–3)Thicket-forming/Smothering growth form (0–2)Germination requirements (0–3)Other invasive species in the genus (0–3)Aquatic, wetland or riparian species (0–3)Total for Biological Characteristics and Dispersal /Ecological Amplitude and Distribution ScoreHighly domesticated or a weed of agriculture (0–4)Known level of impact in natural areas (0–6)Role of anthropogenic and natural disturbance inestablishment (0–5)Current global distribution (0–5)Extent of the species U.S. range and/or occurrence offormal state or provincial listing (0–5)Total for Ecological Amplitude and Distribution /Feasibility of ControlScoreSeed banks (0–3)Vegetative regeneration (0–3)Level of effort required (0–4)Total for Feasibility of Control /Total score for 4 sections /§B-29