Manual - Participatory rapid diagnosis and action ... - FAO.org

164 Annex C. Brief presentation of PRDA training in Ethiopia and KenyaExpected outputsExpected outputs vary according to the institutional context of the training. Ifit is conducted only to benefit the participants, as individuals, and farmers ofthe selected irrigation schemes, only direct outputs will be attained.Direct outputs:• participants trained to apply PRDA tools and methodology;• identification of the main limiting factors and their interaction forincreased productivity and sustainability of selected irrigationsschemes;• evaluation of the extension and other supporting services provided tofarmers in the selected irrigation schemes;• action plans formulated to improve the performance of selectedschemes;• description and a set of indicators of the main characteristics ofselected irrigated agricultural systems in order to enable moreextensive monitoring of performance in the future.When training is conducted to benefit extension or development institutionsthrough their personnel, then possible indirect outputs are to be considered inaddition to the direct ones.Indirect outputs:• a regular monitoring and evaluation system is established within theinstitution or the existing one is improved and made more effective;• general recommendations are drawn from PRDA results on selectedschemes;• cooperation between staff of participating institution is intensified;• insights in research and training needs of the participating institutionsare increased.Achieving indirect outputs depend largely on the management of extensionor development institutions and little on the trainers. However, trainers canfacilitate it by:• preparing the training with the senior management and assessingthe relevance of these indirect outputs to the institution’s objectives,achievements, and human and financial resources;• planning a workshop at the end of the training to present its results toan audience of decision-makers and potential donors;• trying to minimize training costs to make repetition possible withinthe normal budget of extension and development institutions.