Inaugural ASASâCAAV Asia Pacif ic Rim Conference Abstracts

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98 Effect of different rumen-inert fat supplements containinga dietary antioxidant on the performance and antioxidant status of thecow. Y. Wang* 1 , J. Wang 1 , C. Wang 1 , B. Chen 1 , J. Liu 1 , F. Guo 2 , and H. Cao 2 ,1Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China, 2 NovusInternational Research Center, Beijing, P. R. China.The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of 50% unsaturated fat(UF; Megalac) or mostly saturated fat (SF; palm acid) supplementation on thelactation performance of dairy cows, in the absence or presence of antioxidant(AOX). Sixty Chinese Holstein cows in early lactation were randomly allocatedto 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design (UF, UF + AOX, SF,SF + AOX). Megalac and saturated fats were supplied at 350 and 300 g/d/cow, respectively, to form isoenergetic diets. The AOX was added at 5 g/d percow. The experiment lasted 9 wk and included a 1-wk adaption period. Milkwas recorded and collected weekly for analysis. Blood samples were takenfrom the coccygeal vein to determine metabolism parameters at the middle andend of the experiment. Neither fat type nor AOX supplementation showed asignificant effect on DMI during the study. Compared with cows on the SFdiet, milk yield and 4% fat-corrected milk yield were lower in the cows fedUF, regardless of AOX. Milk fat and milk protein contents were not affectedby fat type or AOX supplementation. However, cows supplemented with SFshowed higher milk protein and milk fat yields, compared with cows in theUF treatments. Feeding AOX improved the yields of milk, 4% fat-correctedmilk, milk fat, and milk protein when cows were fed UF, but not SF. Activityof plasma superoxide dismutase was significantly lower, plasma glucose tendedto be lower, and plasma malondialdehyde was higher in the UF-fed animalscompared with those fed SF. Supplementation of AOX decreased both plasmaNEFA and hydrogen peroxide contents and increased total antioxidant capacity.Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was not affected by either fat type or AOX. Resultsindicated that supplementing UF may result in reduced performance andplasma metabolism in lactating dairy cows, whereas these negative effects maybe partially alleviated by addition of AOX.Key Words: fat, antioxidant, antioxidant status99 Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity,ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in goats. X. H. Zhao,T. Zhang, Z. P. Yu, M. Xu, and J. H. Yao*, College of Animal Science andTechnology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of physically effectiveneutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content of diets containing alfalfa hay as thesole forage source on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and nutrientdigestibility in goats. The experiment was designed as a 4 × 4 Latin squareusing 4 cannulated goats (41.0 ± 1.7 kg of BW). Alfalfa hay was either groundand sieved through a 4-mm screen or chopped at a theoretical length of 20mm. Dietary peNDF content was varied by adjusting the proportion of groundor chopped alfalfa hay. The dietary peNDF 8.0and peNDF 1.18contents rangedfrom 2.15 to 13.09% and from 16.61 to 21.79%, respectively. Particle sizedistribution of alfalfa hay and diets were determined using the Penn StateParticle Separator containing 3 sieves (19, 8, and 1.18 mm) and a pan. RuminalpH was continuously monitored for 48 h using an industrial electrode. Chewingbehaviors were monitored visually for a 24-h period. Apparent total tractdigestibilities of nutrients were determined using chromic oxide as a marker.Data were analyzed by the GLM procedure of the SAS. The results showed thatincreased forage particle size increased peNDF 8.0and peNDF 1.18content of diets,which resulted in an increase in peNDF intake, but tended to decrease intake ofDM, OM, and nonfiber carbohydrates. Ruminating and total chewing time wereincreased with increasing dietary peNDF, which resulted in increase in meanruminal pH and a reduction in the time (h/d) that pH was below 6.0, 5.8, and5.6. Ruminal VFA concentration and ingredients were not affected by dietarypeNDF. Decreasing dietary peNDF tended to decrease the effective rumendisappearance for in situ alfalfa hay NDF, but increased apparent total tractdigestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF. Intake and content of peNDF 8.0were highlypositively correlated with chewing time and ruminal pH. This study indicatesthat increasing dietary peNDF improves ruminal pH and fiber utilization in therumen but decreases total tract digestibilities of nutrients. Dietary peNDF 8.0is agood indicator of ruminal pH status and chewing activity.Key Words: physically effective neutral detergent fiber, ruminal pH, chewingactivity100 2009 census on microbial diversity in the rumen. M. Kim 1 ,M. Morrison 2,1 , and Z. Yu* 1 , 1 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,2CSIRO Livestock Industries, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.The ruminal microbiome is high in diversity, complex in microbiome structure,and rich in enzymes mediating feed conversion. To advance understanding ofthis important microbiome for improved ruminant nutrition, numerous studieshave attempted to define its full diversity. Although these studies have greatlyexpanded the perspective of ruminal microbial diversity, they were performedon a few ruminant animals of a single species fed one specific diet. Yet it iswell recognized that ruminal microbial diversity varies with hosts, diets, andgeographic locations. Additionally, each of these studies sequenced onlya limited number of 16S rRNA gene clones. As such, neither the microbialdiversity collectively sampled in the rumen nor the extent of the sequencingcoverage is known. In this study, we assessed the current microbial censusin the rumen by performing a mega-analysis of all the curated 16S rRNAgene sequences available in public databases. Of the 10,451 16S rRNA genesequences of rumen origin retrieved from RDP (Release 10), 10,192 sequencesrepresent 17 bacterial phyla. However, only 50% of theses sequences can beclassified to individual genera. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the mostpredominant phyla, either with respect to total number of sequences (64 and26%, respectively) or number of sequences that have been assigned to genera(52 and 20%, respectively). Among all the sequences, 8,097 are longer than500 bp and they were selected for phylogenetic analysis. Lachnospiraceaeand Prevotellaceae are the most dominant families within Firmicutes andBacteroidetes, respectively. The rumen is predicted to have as many as 3,303bacterial species (97% sequence identity), 2,279 genera (95% sequenceidentity), and 1,122 families (90% sequence identity). The current coverageat the species, genus, and family level is 77, 83, and 93%, respectively.Approximately 30,000 new sequences are needed to reach 99% coverage atthe species level. Concerted research among research groups may help reachthis goal more efficiently. Unclassified or uncultured species represent nearly50% of the total rumen bacterial species, and much remains to be learned abouttheir functions.Key Words: ruminal microbiome, diversity, 16S rRNA gene101 Effect of coconut oil supplementation on intake,animal performance, and methane emissions from grazing yak (Bosgrunniens) in nature winter pasture on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. D.Xue-zhi*, L. Rui-jun, and M. Jian-dui, International Centre for Tibetan PlateauEcosystem Management, Lanzhou University.Methane emitted from the livestock sector contributes to greenhouse gas emissionsworldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasinglevels of coconut oil on feed intake, performance, and methane emissions fromgrazing yak at pasture. Nine healthy female yaks (initial average BW of 175± 10 kg) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 levels of coconut oil, 0, 60, or 120g/d, in a completely randomized block design with repeated measures. Entericmethane output was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique,and herbage intake was estimated using the chromium oxide technique. Dietarysupplementation with coconut oil did not affect BW gain. As the level of coconutoil increased, DMI decreased; however, these differences were not statisticallysignificant at the coconut oil levels tested (P > 0.05). A linear reduction inmethane output occurred (145, 117, and 88 L/d) as the levels of coconut oil inthe diet increased (P < 0.01), with the greatest reduction at 120 g/d (Table 1).Table 1. Effect of coconut oil supplementation on methane output fromgrazing yakCoconut oil, g/d0 60 120DMI, kg/d 5.6 5.3 5.2CH 4, L/d 145 a 117 a 88 bCH 4, L/kg of DM 25.9 22.1 17.1CH 4, g/kg of BW 0.75 2.01 a 1.69 ab 1.26 ba,bDifferent letters in different columns indicate significant differences(P < 0.05).30
102 Construction and analysis of a rumen fosmid metagenomiclibrary from Hu sheep. J. K. Wang, P. P. An*, and J. X. Liu, College of AnimalSciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.A fosmid metagenomic library of uncultured microorganisms from Hu sheeprumen was constructed to explore and tap the genetic potential of the rumenecosystem. Rumen fluid was collected from 2 rumen-fistulated sheep fed adiet with 60% Chinese wildrye plus 40% concentrate mixture. The DNA wasextracted by the SDS-based DNA extraction method, and the crude DNAextracts were purified using the MiniBEST bacterial genomic DNA extractionkit verseion 2.0. A fosmid library was constructed using the pCC2FOS vectorand EPI300-T1R competent Escherichia coli cells of the CopyControl FosmidLibrary Production kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies). In total, 12,704 cloneswere acquired. Restriction analysis revealed a high level of diversity of thecloned DNA fragments with XhoI and BamHI. The insert size of the clonesranged from 17 to 55 kb, with an average insert size being 30.9 kb and themajority ranging from 36 to 40 kb and 26 to 30 kb. Therefore, the capacityof this fosmid library was 393 Mb. The fosmid library clones showed goodstability after cultivation for 100 generations, as analyzed by restriction analysiswith Hind III. Xylanase activity was screened using xylan (0.1%) plates and theCongo red assay. Eighteen clones exhibited hydrolytic activity towards xylan.Key Words: fosmid metagenomic library, Hu sheep, xylanase31
Page 1 and 2: Inaugural ASAS-CAAVAsia Pacif ic Ri
Page 3 and 4: Scientific ProgramTable of Contents
Page 5 and 6: 1 Advanced needle-free injection te
Page 7 and 8: 9 Pig personality, meat quality, an
Page 9 and 10: 17 The contamination and distributi
Page 11 and 12: 25 Genetic evaluations for measures
Page 13 and 14: of control and the lowest of SDAP g
Page 15 and 16: 39 Effects of bacterial protein and
Page 17 and 18: Advances in Digestive Physiology Me
Page 19 and 20: L-arginine increased (P < 0.05) the
Page 21 and 22: average final weight (AFW) and aver
Page 23 and 24: 71 Building a foundation: Cells, st
Page 25 and 26: 78 Effect of the level of vitamin A
Page 27 and 28: 86 Evaluation of phosphorus excreti
Page 29: 94 Responses of dairy cows to suppl
Page 33 and 34: M132 Study on the effects of pectin
Page 35 and 36: M140 Effect of Mintrex Zn on perfor
Page 37 and 38: M148 Effect of the hydrolyzed wheat
Page 39 and 40: treatment 1 was significantly lower
Page 41 and 42: M163 The main fatty acid contents i
Page 43 and 44: M170 Zinc requirements of yellow br
Page 45 and 46: M178 Influences of dietary riboflav
Page 47 and 48: M185 Application of an advanced syn
Page 49 and 50: M193 Studies on the effects of oreg
Page 51 and 52: M202 Plasma leucine turnover rate,
Page 53 and 54: 103 Use of natural antimicrobials t
Page 55 and 56: 111 The somatotropic axis in growth
Page 57 and 58: Environmental Impacts of Cattle, Sw
Page 59 and 60: 128 Opportunities for international
Page 61 and 62: Animal Health PostersT211 Locoweed
Page 63 and 64: T219 Stabilization of roxarsone and
Page 65 and 66: Beef Species PostersUrinary purine
Page 67 and 68: T233 The effects of sire and breed
Page 69 and 70: T242 Ultrastructure of oocyte and e
Page 71 and 72: T249 Effect of different combinatio
Page 73 and 74: Forages and Pastures PostersIn vitr
Page 75 and 76: T263 Effects of leaf meal of Brouss
Page 77 and 78: T271 The effects of feeding expandi
Page 79 and 80: Lactation Biology PostersT278 Effec
Page 81 and 82:
Physiology and Endocrinology Poster
Page 83 and 84:
T288 Effect of Aspergillus meal pre
Page 85 and 86:
Poultry Physiology, Endocrinology,
Page 87 and 88:
T301 Observation of the feeding man
Page 89 and 90:
T307 Effect of levels of Yucca schi
Page 91:
T313 Study of lysine requirement of
Page 94 and 95:
energy, 5, 26energy and nutrient di
Page 96 and 97:
protein digestive enzyme, 44protein
Page 98 and 99:
HHai, Y., T222, T248Hai-Ying, Z., T
Page 100 and 101:
Song, X., T223Song, Z. G, M144, T20
Page 102:
102NOTES
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