Inaugural ASAS–CAAV Asia Pacif ic Rim Conference Abstracts

(PPARδ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), adipocyte fattyacid-binding protein (aP2), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which are positivecontrol genes of adipogenesis, increased linearly (P < 0.01) as well, whereasthe expression of the negative control gene of adipogenensis, Wnt10b, linearlydecreased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, significant (P < 0.01) quadratic or linearrelation was observed between n-3 PUFA enrichment and the expression ofthese genes, whereas significant (P < 0.01) quadratic or linear relation wasobserved between the expression of PPARγ, aP2, or Wnt10b and IMF content.These data suggested that enhancing n-3 PUFA enrichment in muscle leads toa significant increase in IMF content, probably by affecting the expression ofPPARδ, PPARγ, aP2, LPL, and Wnt10b.Key Words: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, intramuscular fat, peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor107 S-adenosylmethionine stimulates fatty acidmetabolism-linked gene expression in porcine muscle satellite cells. T.Yue*, J. Yin, Q. Fang, and D. Li, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.Evidence indicates that both S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) metabolism andintramuscular fat are associated with type II diabetes. However, it is stillunknown whether SAMe has effects on intramuscular adipogenesis. Thepresent study was conducted to investigate the roles of SAMe in adipogenicdifferentiation of porcine muscle satellite cells. Porcine longissimus dorsimuscles were aseptically dissected, minced with scissors, and then digested by0.1% collagenase at 37°C for 50 min. After enzymatic digestion, the mixturewas centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min to separate cells from the tissue sediments.In turn, the suspension was filtered through 100-, 40-μm nylon cell strainers anda 20-μm mesh filter. The filtrate was centrifuged for another 10 min at 1,000 × gto obtain a cell pellet. The pellet was washed 3 times with PBS and subjected tocentrifugation in a Percoll gradient at 1,800 × g for 1 h. The interphase betweenthe 20% and 60% Percoll solution was diluted with Dulbecco’s modifiedEagle’s medium, containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were seeded ata density of 1 × 105 cells/cm 2 on collagen-coated dishes and incubated in a37°C humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2. When 80% confluence wasreached, cells were treated with different concentrations of SAMe (0, 0.5, and1.0 mM) for 24 h. The adipocyte determination and differentiation factor-1and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mRNA and protein werestimulated by SAMe treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Lipoprotein lipasemRNA and protein were enhanced in 1.0 mM treatment group, compared withthe control. No significant difference was observed in the intracellular lipidcontent among treatments. These results provide evidence that SAMe maybe associated with intramuscular adipogenesis and indicate a novel action ofSAMe in fat metabolism.Key Words: S-adenosylmethionine, intramuscular adipogenesis, musclesatellite cells108 Qualitative evaluation of Red Sokoto buck goatsdifferently processed. A. B. Omojola* 1 , E. S. Apata 2 , and O. O. Olusola 1 ,1University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria, 2Olabisi OnabanjoUniversity, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun-State, Nigeria.A total of 18 good grade Red Sokoto buck goats weighing between 15.25 and16.50 kg were killed to evaluate the effect of scalding, singeing, and skinningon yield, physicochemical, and keeping quality of goat meat in a completelyrandomized design. The animals were well rested, starved of feed for 16 h,weighed, stunned, and slaughtered in batches of three under commercialconditions. The samples for pH and chemical analyses were taken from thelongissimus dorsi, whereas the loin was used in evaluating shear force value,cooking loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), and modified peroxide values(mPV). The internal temperature values were taken at a depth of 1 cm atthe longissimus dorsi immediately after dressing. The result showed that thedressing percentage was highest (P < 0.05) in scalded carcasses (58.29%) andleast in skinned carcasses (46.27%). The carcass length was least (P < 0.05)in singed carcass (34.35 cm) and highest (44.76 cm) in skinned carcasses.Singeing imposed a higher degree of toughness on the meat, whereas thecooking loss was highest in singed carcasses. The WHC was highest in scaldedcarcasses (69.35%) followed by skinned (64.36%) and least in singed carcasses(50.35%). The visual color score was highest (7.45) for singed carcasses,followed by scalding (6.16) and least in skinned (5.30). Moisture, ether extract,and ash were affected (P < 0.05) by the dressing method, whereas CP was notsignificantly (P > 0.05) influenced. Singeing imposed a higher temperature onthe longissimus dorsi. The mPV increased as storage period increased, whereasin each of the storage periods, meat from skinned carcasses gave the highestmPV values. Postslaughter processing (dressing) methods were found to affectthe quality of meat from Red Sokoto goats.Key Words: goat, scalding, singeing and skinning109 Effect of included folic acid in summer sausage on pHdecline at two storage temperatures. R. Cox*, R. LaBerge, J. Popowski, andP. Nelson, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid inclusionand 2 storage temperatures on pH characteristics of dry-cured summer sausage.Treatments included a control (CON) representing typical formulation ofsummer sausage components and starter culture and experimental sausageconsisting of CON with half of a typical starter culture and 5 mg/kg of folicacid (FOLIC). Additionally, 2 storage temperatures were evaluated. Typicalproduction of summer sausage was conducted, adding water, salt, sugar,modern cure, spices, and starter culture. Blended meat block (50% beef, 50%pork) was divided and stuffed into polyvinyl packaging. Both CON and FOLICsausages were stored at 4°C (LOW) and °C (HIGH). Sausage pH was evaluatedat 24-h intervals, starting at d 0 and continuing for 14 d and colorimeter L*,a*, and b* values were evaluated on the cross sectional cut surface of HIGHsausages every 24 h for 14 d. The experiment was replicated 3 times. ForLOW sausages, treatment had no effect (P > 0.05), with the ultimate pH ofboth the CON and FOLIC treatments at 5.4. For HIGH sausages, treatment didaffect (P = 0.02) the ultimate mean pH, with CON at 4.23 and FOLIC at 4.54.Colorimeter L*, a*, and b* means were affected (P = 0.01, 0.01, and 0.02,respectively) by treatment at the HIGH treatment, with L* means decreasing,a* means increasing, and b*means increasing over storage time with inclusionof folic acid. It is determined from this study that the addition of folic acid insummer sausage production will result in a significant change in pH over drycuredstorage assuming temperatures are elevated to allow for proper functionof starter culture. At elevated temperatures, traditional formulation may haveto account for a decrease in starter culture to allow for a more moderate pHdecline.Key Words: folic acid, summer sausage, pH110 Cell growth, apoptosis, and the expression of heatshock proteins: Effects of heat stress on bovine mammary epithelial cells.R. L. Cui 1 , J. Q. Wang* 1 , H. Y. Wei 1 , D. P. Bu 1 , H. Hu 1,2 , and L. Y. Zhou 1 ,1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China, 2 Faculty of Animal Science& Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China.The objective of this study was to establish the effects of heat stress on bovinemammary epithelial cells in vitro. Bovine mammary epithelial cells froma 3-yr-old lactating (ca. 100 days in milk) Chinese Holstein dairy cow wereincubated in DMEM/F12 media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS).Theepithelial cells were exposed to 42°C as the heat stress model and 38°C ascontrol. Then cell growth, cell apoptosis, and expression of heat shock proteinswere detected by trypan blue dying, followed by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR,and ELISA. The results showed that cell growth stagnated at 42°C; the cellnumber decreased markedly more than (P < 0.05) control 38°C cells at thesecond day, and decreased even further (P < 0.01) from the third to the seventhday; the apoptosis rate was the highest at 3 h after heat treatment; the mRNAexpression level of heat shock proteins 27, 70, 90 (HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90,respectively) and heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) was 2.72-, 7.48-, 2.69-, and2.71-fold higher than control group. The protein expression level of HSP27 andHSP70 increased after 12 h of culture in 42°C, which was markedly higher thancontrol 38°C (2.00- and 1.56-fold separately, P < 0.01). However, the proteinlevel of HSP90 did not significantly change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, heatstress could inhibit natural cell growth, induce apoptosis, and increase heatshock protein mRNA and protein expression level.54