Inaugural ASAS–CAAV Asia Pacif ic Rim Conference Abstracts

T259 Study on solid-state fermentation of animal and plantprotein resources by Aspergillus oryzae. P.-P. Wang*, P. Wang, R.-Y. Zuo, X.-W. Dang, J. Chang, and Q.-Q. Yin, College of Animal Science and VeterinaryMedicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.To solve the present problem of a shortage of protein feed resources, solid-statefermentation of Aspergillus oryzae isolated from bovine rumen was used toimprove the utilization of animal and plant protein raw materials to produce ahigh-quality protein resource. This experiment used an orthogonal experimentaldesign and single-factor ANOVA to select the optimal fermentation nutrientmedium and fermentation conditions. Soluble protein content, amino nitrogencontent, and enzyme activity were used as indicators for determining theavailability of the protein. Results showed that the best formula for raw materialswas 30% blood meal, 26% cottonseed meal, 4% feather meal, 35% wheat bran,and 5% corn flour, added with the optimal amount of 1% ammonium sulfate; thebest fermentation conditions were as follows: initial pH 6, solid-to-liquid ratioof 1:1, 2% fungal culture, 20 g/250 mL volume, and 60-h fermentation. Underthe best fermentation conditions, the soluble protein content, amino nitrogencontent, and CP content reached 173.72 mg/g, 34.75 mg/g, and 48.97%,respectively, which were increased by 82.68, 379.97, and 12.91% comparedwith the unfermented product (P < 0.05). The activities of protease, amylase,and cellulase in the fermentation were 2,341.83, 36,780.8, and 6,835.43 U/g,respectively. It could be concluded that animal and plant protein utilization ofraw materials can be significantly improved by using the method of solid-statefermentation of A. oryzae. The results provide an important theoretical basis forsolving the current shortage of protein feed resources.T260 Evaluation of the nutritional value of grapeseed forgeese. B. W. Wang*, L. L. Zhang, X. X. Jiang, W. W. Wang, N. Wang, P. Sun,and B. Yue, High Quality Waterfowl Research Institute, Qingdao AgriculturalUniversity, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.The feasibility of grapeseed as a goose feed ingredient and its effects wereexplored in this paper through 2 metabolism experiments. In experiment1, twelve 151-d-old geese were selected and fed 60 g of grapeseed each. Inexperiment 2, 30 geese were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 5 replicatesin each group. The ratio of grapeseed in the daily diet of each group was 0.00,3.00, 6.00, 9.00, 12.00, and 15.00%, respectively. The results were as follows: 1)the content of crude fiber in grapeseed meal was 48.26% and it was fiber forage;and 2) with the same ME and CP intake, the metabolic rate of crude fat rangedfrom 21.93 to 34.49%, the metabolic rate of NDF ranged from 35.31 to 44.84%,and metabolic rate of ADF ranged from 21.92 to 34.27%. The N deposition andnet protein utilization of the groups varied significantly (P < 0.05). The apparentmetabolic rate of glycine was lower and differed significantly (P < 0.01) amongthe 6 groups. Other AA showed higher apparent metabolic rates, ranging from61.68 to 96.63%. The apparent metabolic rate of Ca decreased significantly (P< 0.05) with an increase in grapeseed meal concentration. Supplementation of9% grapeseed significantly (P < 0.05) improved the apparent metabolic rate ofP compared with other concentrations. The AKP activity showed a significantnegative relationship (P < 0.05) with the metabolic rates of crude fiber, NDF,and ADF, but exhibited an extremely significant positive relationship with theapparent metabolic rate of Ca. The activities of GOT and GPT were negativelyrelated to crude fiber (P < 0.05) and positively related to the apparent metabolicrate of Ca (P < 0.05). It was concluded that grapeseed meal could be used as anideal fiber feed and the supplementation of 9% grapeseed meal resulted in thehighest metabolic rates for nutrients.Key Words: goose metabolic rate, nitrogen metabolized, blood biochemicalindicatorT261 The effects of Compositae Ordos Wormwood extracton ruminal fermentation and lipid metabolism in vitro. L. Wang* 1 andD. Lu 2 , 1 College of Animal Science and Animal Medicine, Inner MongoliaAgricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia. P. R.China, 2 Animal NutritionInstitute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Animal Science, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia.P. R.China.The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different doses ofCompositae Ordos Wormwood extract (COE) on rumen microbial fermentationand lipid metabolism. The COE was a crude composite extract from the stemand leaves of Compositae Ordos Wormwood by ethanol extraction. The dosesof COE for supplementation on a freeze-dried basis were 0 (as a control), 3,30, 300, and 3,000 mg/L of mixed culture fluid, respectively. Rumen fluid wastaken from 2 ruminally fistulated milking goats fed a diet with a forage-toconcentrateratio of 50:50, and 0.5 g of the diet sample ground through a 1-mmscreen was used as substrate in a batch culture trial. The sampling times were at2, 6, and 24 h, respectively. The pH was determined, and samples were collectedto analyze ammonia N, VFA, and long-chain fatty acids. The pH values wereincreased except at 300 and 3,000 mg/L. Excluding the highest dose of COE,all other COE treatments decreased total VFA concentration, molar proportionof propionate, and molar proportion of butyrate. All COE treatments reducedmolar proportion of acetate and the acetate-to-propionate ratio. Ammonia-Nconcentration was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The COE treatmentsat concentration of 3 and 300 mg/L resulted in a decrease in C14:0, C16:0, andC18:1 compared with the control. The COE treatments at 3 and 3,000 mg/Ltended toward a reduction in C18:0, those at 30 and 300 mg/L tended towarda reduction in C18:2, that at 300 mg/L tended toward a reduction in C18:3,and that at 30 mg/L tended toward a reduction in C20:0. Increasing the COEconcentration resulted in a linear increase in C24:0. The COE treatments allincreased trans-11 C18:1 and CLA cis-9, trans-11 concentrations except at30 mg/L compared with the control. The preliminary study showed that COEsupplementation could affect ruminal fermentation , modify the VFA profile,decrease ammonia N concentration, alter fatty acid metabolism, and increasetrans-11 C18:1 and CLA cis-9, trans-11 concentrations in vitro.Key Words: Compositae Ordos Wormwood extraction, fermentation parameter,lipid metabolismT262 Interspecies competitiveness affects the productionperformance of an intercropping system. G. G. Zhang* 1 , Z. B. Yang 1 , S. T.Dong 1 , and C. Sang 2 , 1 Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China, 2 Grasslands Research Center, Agresearch, Palmerston North, NewZealand.The objective of this study was to determine the interspecies competitivenessof different alfalfa-maize intercropping treatments, as well its influence onproduction performance. Four intercropping treatments, with alternating alfalfaand maize rows of 2:2, 3:2, 4:2, and 5:2, were designed, with 3 replicationsper treatment, and the intercropping area rates were 33%:67%, 43%:57%,50%:50%, and 55%:45%, respectively. Maize and alfalfa sole crops were thecontrol groups. Land equivalent ratio (LER), the relative crowding coefficient(RCC), and aggressiveness were used as indexes to evaluate the interspeciescompetitiveness. Results showed that the total aboveground biomass of all theintercropping treatments was less than that of the sole crop maize (P < 0.05),and the sole crop alfalfa output was the lowest. The LER of the 5:2 treatmentwas greater than 1, whereas the LER of other intercropping treatments wasless than 1. Aam, the aggressiveness of alfalfa relative to maize, was greaterthan 0 (range from 0.1 to 0.35). Before the maize grain-filling stage, RCCam(the relative crowding coefficient of alfalfa to maize) > 1 > RCCma (therelative crowding coefficient of maize to alfalfa). Nevertheless, from the maizegrain-filling stage to maturity, RCCma values were reverse (i.e. RCCma > 1> RCCam). Intercropping alfalfa in a maize cultivation system reduced thetotal yields. In the alfalfa-maize intercropping system, the aggressiveness ofalfalfa was greater than that of maize, considering the whole growth stage; thealfalfa competitiveness was greater than that of maize and shared a competitiveadvantage. In alfalfa-maize intercropping coexistence in the late stage frommaize filling to maturity, maize competitiveness increased after the alfalfa washarvested, sharing a short-term dominant ecological niche and compensatorygrowth.Key Words: alfalfa, maize, interspecies competitiveness74