Inaugural ASASâCAAV Asia Pacif ic Rim Conference Abstracts

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13 Bioequivalence and human food safety: When and why?R. P. Hunter*, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA.The purpose of bioequivalence (BE) studies is to demonstrate that products withthe same active compound are equally bioavailable at the site of drug action.The registration requirements for animal health products vary widely aroundthe globe. Bioequivalence is an example of a registration guideline that hasconsiderable variability between countries. The European Union and UnitedStates have developed BE guidelines to accommodate product registrationsthat may not require a full data package if there is sufficient evidence thatthe product adequately meets efficacy, safety, and quality requirements forfood producing and non-food producing animals. However, there is potentialfor inconsistency in the registration requirements to demonstrate BE in thesecountries. To demonstrate that they are interchangeable, the animal healthproduct under evaluation needs to have the same systemic exposure in theanimal. The need for BE becomes increasingly important when it relates tothe metabolism and excretion of compounds in food animals. There aremany different factors that lead to modifications in the pharmacokinetics orpharmacodynamics of a compound and these changes could lead to differencesin the target animal safety, efficacy, or residue depletion profile. In most cases,if BE is demonstrated, the generic formulation is not required to demonstratetarget animal safety or efficacy. This is of concern for antimicrobial compoundsif only in vitro evaluation is conducted. Residue requirements are also variablearound the world. The European Union requires a complete residue depletionprofile, which often results in a different withdrawal time. The United Statesconsiders the requirement for a residue study on a case-by-case basis. Genericoral products typically receive waivers of marker residue studies whereasinjectable products are often required to conduct a single point study in thetarget and injection site tissue. A collaborative workshop on unique issuesfacing veterinary BE determinations will be held in Bethesda, MD, USA in June2010. Additional information is available at www.aavpt.org. This workshopwill provide a platform for dialogue on various BE topics that are not coveredin any of the published guidance documents to date.Key Words: bioequivalence, residue, food safety14 Managing cleansing practices to minimize disease build-up.Programmed topical spraying of animal quarters with selected minerals toimprove physical and microbial micro-environment. B. Harmon*, PurdueUniversity, West Lafayette, IN, USA.Food-animal producers understand the importance of cleaning that includesdisinfecting rooms prior to introducing animals. However, most disinfectants,which are organic, are forbidden to be used in the presence of animals becauseof toxicity, carcinogenicity, and potential tissue residue. As a result, it hasbeen accepted that microbial levels, disease build-up, and disease virulencewill increase linearly with the time animals are in the rooms. In recent years,research has shown that specific minerals will suppress disease build-up withtime in farrowing and nursery units. Minerals most effective are iron, copper,and zinc. From a safety standpoint, all 3 are on the Generally Regarded as Safelist. The driving force for this research was the dire need to reduce diseasetransmission in human hospitals. Studies have reported that 27% of door knobsin hospitals are contaminated with various pathogens. Studies conducted inmany countries determined that copper, iron, and zinc in culture media inhibitgrowth of numerous bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Clostridiumdiffi cile, methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus, numerous Streptococcus,and numerous Salmonella. These minerals also inhibit the growth of fungi,namely Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Copper and iron inactivatenumerous viruses. Copper recently was shown to inactivate H1N1 virus.Research conducted to study microbial inhibition on metal surfaces reports thatcopper, zinc, and iron surfaces are far more effective in inhibiting microbesthan stainless steel. This research was initiated to inhibit microbes in hospitalson door knobs, bed rails, push plates, and sinks, but its uses have spread toschools and public transportation. The same technology is used in sanitizingfood-animal production facilities with animals present in the rooms, wherethese mineral elements are mixed with a calcine mineral carrier and sprayedweekly to inhibit these same microbes. This product, made in the United States,inhibits 99.999% of E. coli.15 Transfer efficiency of melamine from feed to milk inlactating dairy cows treated with different doses of melamine. J. S. Shen, J.Q. Wang*, H. Y. Wei, D. P. Bu, P. Sun, and L. Y. Zhou, State Key Laboratory ofAnimal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences, Beijing, China.The objective of this study was to evaluate the transfer efficiency of melaminefrom feed to milk of lactating cows fed with different doses of melamine.Twenty-four China Holstein dairy cows were divided into 2 blocks accordingto milk yield (block 1 = 20 kg per head perday). Cows in block 1 or block 2 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatmentsin randomized complete block design and each treatment had 6 cows. Theentire trial lasted for 19 d. The first 13 d was the ingestion period, during whichthe cows of the 4 treatments were dosed with melamine (purity, 99.8%) at 0(control), 90 (TRT1), 270 (TRT2), and 450 (TRT3) mg/d per cow, respectively,and the last 6 d was the clearance period. The results indicated that the levelsof melamine used did not affect milk production and composition (P > 0.05).The milk melamine concentration increased quickly and approached a steadystatecondition between 3 and 13 d after the administration of melamine ineach treatment. The milk melamine concentrations of the 3 treated groupsdecreased greatly on d 1 of the clearance period. On d 4 of the clearance period,no melamine was detected in each treatment. The milk melamine concentrationof treated groups in steady-state condition (0.041, 0.093, and 0.154 mg/L forTRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively) were significantly affected by melaminefeeding doses (P < 0.01) but were not influenced by milk yield (P > 0.05) withinthe range of milk yield seen in this study. The transfer efficiency of melaminefrom feed to milk of treated groups (0.95, 0.70, and 0.66% for TRT1, TRT2,and TRT3, respectively) were not affected by melamine doses (P > 0.05) butwere influenced by (P < 0.01; 0.56% for block 1 and 0.95% for block 2) andlinearly related to milk yield (R 2 = 0.80; P < 0.001). The transfer efficiency waslower than that reported for dairy cattle administered with higher single dose.Key Words: melamine, dairy cow, transfer efficiency16 Determination of melamine in feedstuffs and milk usingmolecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction technique. M. Li 1 , L. Zhang* 1 ,Z. Meng 2 , Z. Wang 1 , and H. Wu 1 , 1 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 2 School of Chemical andEnvironmental Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.Molecular imprinting is a useful technique for the preparation of polymericmaterials as specific molecular recognition receptors. Because of theirfavorable molecular recognition capability and stability, the widest applicationis molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE). Although the protocolof molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) using cyromazine as template hasbeen reported in milk, none was developed with dispersion-polymerization. AMIP was synthesized using a dispersion-polymerization protocol; cyromazinewas used as dummy template, whereas methacrylic acid, ethylene glycoldimethacrylate, and acetonitrile were used as functional monomer, crosslinker,and porogen, respectively. The MIP showed obvious affinity formelamine in acetonitrile, which was confirmed by adsorption experiments.After optimization of MISPE conditions, a new method was developed todetermine the melamine in feedstuffs and milk with gas chromatography–massspectrometry. The performance of the method was evaluated in the taintedfeedstuffs and milk in terms of recovery, precision, linearity, the limit ofdetection, and limit of quantitation. Recovery ranged in feedstuffs and milkfrom 87.1 to 97.2%, with intraday and interday relative SD values below10.6%. In feedstuffs and milk, limit of detection and limit of quantitation ofthe method were 0.02 and 0.1 μg/g and 0.02 and 0.06 μg/mL, respectively.With clean-up of sample matrix using MISPE technique, a simple methodwas successfully developed to determine melamine in feedstuffs and milk.Key Words: molecularly imprinted polymers, melamine, solid-phaseextractionKey Words: copper, zinc, iron8
17 The contamination and distribution rule of fumonisins infeedstuffs and products in China. Y. Zhen* 1 , F. Bai 2,1 , K. Zhang 1 , Y. Li 2 ,X. Ding 1 , and Y. Feng 2 , 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory forAnimal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education,, SichuanAgricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, P.R.China, 2 The Test Center for FeedQuality Supervision and Inspection (Chengdu), The Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.The objective of this paper was to understand the contamination and distributionof fumonisins in main feedstuffs and products in China. A total of 1,018 samplesof feedstuffs and products were collected from 11 provinces in 7 regions of Chinain spring and summer. Fumonisins was analyzed by ELISA. The detectable orcontaminated rates, according to the level of mycotoxin contamination, wereover the detectable or allowable limits according to guidelines. The mainresults were as follows. The high detectable rates and contaminated rates offumonisins were found in the main feedstuffs and products. The detectablerates in all samples were above 90%, whereas the contaminated rates were only10%. Compared with the northeast and south of China, the contaminated ratesin northwest, northern, and eastern of China were more serious. The averagefumonisins content in south of Yangzi river was 1,284.98 μg/kg and highersignificantly in north of Yangzi river or middle region (2,870.96 and 2,443.07μg/kg, P < 0.01). The contaminate rate and average contents of energy, proteinsupplements, and compound products were 3.2% and 47.99 μg/kg , 30.6%and 970.82 μg/kg , and 24.6% and 1,262.50 μg/kg, respectively, with greatsignificant difference from each other (P < 0.01). The highest contaminatedrates were found in corn and compound feeds for piglets (47.7 and 46.9%,respectively), whereas the lowest rates were found in compound feedsfor broiler (0%) and in rapeseed and cotton seed meal (0.8%). No seasonalvariations for contamination and distribution were found in the present study.In conclusion, the contamination of fumonisins in the main feedstuffs andproducts were common, with regional and feedstuff-specific distribution.Key Words: feedstuff, fumonisins, contaminationEAAP-ASAS Genetic Symposium: Importance of Genotype byEnvironment Interaction in Animal Breeding18 Importance of genotype by environment interaction inanimal breeding. E. Strandberg*, University of Agricultural Sciences,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Uppsala, Sweden.Different genotypes may react differently to different environments. Thisvariation will lead to genotype by environment interaction (G×E). Onedefinition of G×E is that the difference between 2 genotypes is not constantfrom one environment to another. If the difference changes sign, we have rerankingG×E, otherwise we call it scaling G×E. Even though re-ranking G×Eis more problematic, because different animals will rank among the top ones,scaling G×E for several traits can result in re-ranking for the total merit, if thebreeding goals are sufficiently different. Both re-ranking and scaling G×E havebeen found for various traits in various species; naturally, the more diversethe environments, the more likely is G×E. For dairy bulls, Interbull calculatesgenetic correlations between countries—the lower the correlations, the strongerthe G×E. As an example, genetic correlations between USA and Canada areabout 0.95, but between USA/Canada and New Zealand, about 0.75. The lattercorrelation indicates substantial re-ranking between top bulls. This example isfor industrialized countries with temperate environments. With more extremedifferences between environments, e.g., between temperate and tropical orsubtropical environments, more extreme ×E is expected and also found. Inaddition to G×E for specific traits, breeding goals may also differ substantiallybetween countries and regions. Other traits than production per animal mayhave increased weights in tropical climates, e.g., fertility, heat tolerance, anddisease resistance.Key Words: genotype, environment interaction19 Differences in maternal abilities between Meishan andFrench sows. L. Canario*, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.Stillbirth is an important issue in French pig production. The successful selectionfor lean growth and litter size (with contribution of hyperprolific pigs) resultedin increasing losses at farrowing. A population of unselected Meishan (MS)pigs has been raised at INRA since 1979 for breed comparison and productionof crossbred pigs to define the best way of taking advantage of the MS in theFrench pig breeding scheme. The MS breed is known for its lower stillbirth(3.0 vs. 6.5%), better piglet survival to weaning, and calmer temperament ascompared to the Large White (LW) breed. Over the last 10 yr, the MS breedhas been used at INRA to unravel the mechanisms of stillbirth in associationwith maternal abilities. A first investigation consisted of a breed comparison:piglet probability of stillbirth was less dependent on piglet weight or farrowingduration in the MS breed than in 3 French breeds. The pattern of correlationsbetween farrowing traits differed due to the MS departing from the Frenchbreeds: MS had fewer stillbirths and produced lighter but more uniform pigletswithin litters. A second part focused on the characterization of maternal abilitieswith dedicated experiments. Unusually, sows were kept free in individual pensfor lactation. They produced crossbred LW × MS piglets to enable the test of thematernal component only. The LW gilts had better performance, giving birthto larger litters and heavier piglets at birth, which grew faster than those bornfrom the MS gilts. In both breeds, stillbirth was very low (0.6 stillborn/litter),as well as piglet mortality in lactation. The behavioral discrimination of thebreeds was low when they had to face stressful situations before farrowing.However, different behavioral predictors of good maternal abilities were thenidentified between the 2 breeds. For instance, standing during the period ofadaptation to the farrowing pen was associated with lower stillbirth in MS sowsand, conversely, with higher stillbirth in LW sows. Our results confirm thatthe Meishan breed is a good model to better understand the genetic causes ofvariation in stillbirth rate and maternal abilities.Key Words: Meishan, genetic20 Genetic diversity of Chinese poultry breeds. N. Yang*, L.Qu, W. Liu, X. Li, and G. Xu, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.China is rich in poultry genetic resources, including chicken, duck and goose.Many indigenous poultry breeds can be found throughout the country. Due torelatively poor productivity, some of them are threatened by the commercialvarieties from domestic and foreign breeding companies. In a large-scaleinvestigation into the current status of Chinese poultry genetic resources,78 indigenous chicken breeds and 26 Chinese indigenous duck breeds weresurveyed and their blood samples collected. The genomes of the chickens andducks were screened using 27 and 15 microsatellite markers respectively. Forthe indigenous chickens, a total of 2740 individuals were genotyped for the 27microsatellite markers on 13 chromosomes. The number of alleles of the 27markers ranged from 6 to 51 per locus with a mean of 18.74. Heterozygosity(H) values of the 78 chicken breeds were all more than 0.5. The average H value(0.622) and polymorphism information content (PIC, 0.573) of these breedssuggested that the Chinese indigenous chickens possessed more genetic diversitythan that reported in many other countries. As genetic drift or non-randommating can occur in small populations, breeds kept on conservation farms suchas Langshan chicken generally had lower H values, while those kept on largepopulations within conservation regions possessed higher polymorphisms. Thehigh genetic diversity in Chinese indigenous breeds is in agreement with greatphenotypic variation of these breeds. For the indigenous duck breeds, the 15polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the diversity of 26Chinese indigenous duck breeds across the country. The Chinese duck breedsalso showed high variation with the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranging from0.401 (Jinding) to 0.615 (Enshi), and the expected heterozygosity (He) from0.498 (Jinding) to 0.707 (Jingjiang). In all of the breeds, the values of Ho weresignificantly lower than those of He, suggesting the high selection pressure onthese local duck breeds. Understanding the genetic diversity of these poultrybreeds will provide valuable information for further conservation and utilizationof the genetic resources.9
Page 1 and 2: Inaugural ASAS-CAAVAsia Pacif ic Ri
Page 3 and 4: Scientific ProgramTable of Contents
Page 5 and 6: 1 Advanced needle-free injection te
Page 7: 9 Pig personality, meat quality, an
Page 11 and 12: 25 Genetic evaluations for measures
Page 13 and 14: of control and the lowest of SDAP g
Page 15 and 16: 39 Effects of bacterial protein and
Page 17 and 18: Advances in Digestive Physiology Me
Page 19 and 20: L-arginine increased (P < 0.05) the
Page 21 and 22: average final weight (AFW) and aver
Page 23 and 24: 71 Building a foundation: Cells, st
Page 25 and 26: 78 Effect of the level of vitamin A
Page 27 and 28: 86 Evaluation of phosphorus excreti
Page 29 and 30: 94 Responses of dairy cows to suppl
Page 31 and 32: 102 Construction and analysis of a
Page 33 and 34: M132 Study on the effects of pectin
Page 35 and 36: M140 Effect of Mintrex Zn on perfor
Page 37 and 38: M148 Effect of the hydrolyzed wheat
Page 39 and 40: treatment 1 was significantly lower
Page 41 and 42: M163 The main fatty acid contents i
Page 43 and 44: M170 Zinc requirements of yellow br
Page 45 and 46: M178 Influences of dietary riboflav
Page 47 and 48: M185 Application of an advanced syn
Page 49 and 50: M193 Studies on the effects of oreg
Page 51 and 52: M202 Plasma leucine turnover rate,
Page 53 and 54: 103 Use of natural antimicrobials t
Page 55 and 56: 111 The somatotropic axis in growth
Page 57 and 58: Environmental Impacts of Cattle, Sw
Page 59 and 60:
128 Opportunities for international
Page 61 and 62:
Animal Health PostersT211 Locoweed
Page 63 and 64:
T219 Stabilization of roxarsone and
Page 65 and 66:
Beef Species PostersUrinary purine
Page 67 and 68:
T233 The effects of sire and breed
Page 69 and 70:
T242 Ultrastructure of oocyte and e
Page 71 and 72:
T249 Effect of different combinatio
Page 73 and 74:
Forages and Pastures PostersIn vitr
Page 75 and 76:
T263 Effects of leaf meal of Brouss
Page 77 and 78:
T271 The effects of feeding expandi
Page 79 and 80:
Lactation Biology PostersT278 Effec
Page 81 and 82:
Physiology and Endocrinology Poster
Page 83 and 84:
T288 Effect of Aspergillus meal pre
Page 85 and 86:
Poultry Physiology, Endocrinology,
Page 87 and 88:
T301 Observation of the feeding man
Page 89 and 90:
T307 Effect of levels of Yucca schi
Page 91:
T313 Study of lysine requirement of
Page 94 and 95:
energy, 5, 26energy and nutrient di
Page 96 and 97:
protein digestive enzyme, 44protein
Page 98 and 99:
HHai, Y., T222, T248Hai-Ying, Z., T
Page 100 and 101:
Song, X., T223Song, Z. G, M144, T20
Page 102:
102NOTES
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Inaugural ASASâCAAV Asia Pacif ic Rim Conference Abstracts

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