Global Tuberculosis Report -- 2012.pdf

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WHO Western Pacific RegionShalala Ahmadova, Nino Dayanghirang, Cornelia Hennig, Tom Hiatt, Narantuya Jadambaa, Sung Hye Kim, Woo-JinLew, Yuhong Liu, Giampaolo Mezzabotta, Nobuyuki Nishikiori, Khanh Pham, Fabio Scano, Jacques Sebert, MarithelTesoro, Xuejing Wang, Catharina van Weezenbeek, Rajendra-Prasad Yadav, Dongbao Yu.National respondents who contributed to reporting and verification of datavia the online global data collection systemWHO African RegionOumar Abdelhadi, Abdou-Salam Abderemane, Coulibaly Abdoul Karim, Jean Abena, Felix Afutu, Sofiane Alihalassa,Arlindo Amaral, Géneviève Angue Nguema, Claudina Augusto da Cruz, Fantchè Awokou, Swasilanne Bandeira,Adama Bangoura, Jorge Barreto, Frank Bonsu, Ballé Boubakar, Mahamat Bourhanadine, Miguel Camara, Ernest Cholopray,Nkem Chukwueme, Amadou Cissé, Catherine Cooper, Isaias Dambe, Serge Diagbouga, Aicha Diakité, AwaDiop, Themba Dlamini, S’celo Dlamini, Pierre-Marie Douzima, Said Egwaga, Juan Eyene, Mugabe Frank, Justin Freminot,Ndayikengurukiye Fulgence, Michel Gasana, Evariste Gasana, Ntahizaniye Gérard, Sandile Ginindza, MartinGninafon, Nii Hanson-Nortey, Adama Jallow, Nathan Kapata, Aristide Komangoya-Nzonzo, Patrick Konwloh, JacqueminKouakou, Egidio Langa, Bernard Langat, Gape Machao, Llang Maama-Maime, Jocelyn Mahoumbou, AngeloMakpenon, David Mametja, Farai Mavhunga, Frank Mba Bekolo, Adamou Moustapha, Youwaoga Moyenga, JamesMpunga, Clifford Munyandi, Lindiwe Mvusi, Anne Mwenye, Ronald Ncube, Thaddée Ndikumana, Biruck Negash,Antoine Ngoulou, Emmanuel Nkiligi, M Nkou, Joshua Obasanya, Davidson Ogunade, Hermann Ongouo, Jean Okiata,Maria Palma, Victor Pereira, Martin Rakotonjanahary, Sahondra Randriambeloson, Bakoliarisoa Ranivomahefa, ThatoRaleting, F Rujeedawa, Mohameden Salem, Charles Sandy, Marie Sarr-Diouf, Mineab Sebhatu, Mamie Shoma, JosephSitienei, Nicholas Siziba, Dawda Sowe, Kassim Traore, Abdallahi Traoré, Alie Wurie, Assefash Zehaie, Abbas Zezai, EricZoungranaWHO Region of the AmericasChristian Acosta, Sarita Aguirre, Shalauddin Ahmed, Valentina Alarcón, Xochil Alemán, Valeria Almanza, Raúl Alvarez,Mirian Alvarez, Alister Antoine, Chris Archibald, Carlos Ayala, Wiedjaiprekash Balesar, Draurio Barreira, PatriciaBartholomay, María Bermúdez, Jaime Bravo, Lynrod Brooks, Marta Calona, John Cann, Martín Castellanos, JorgeCastillo, Kenneth Castro, Roxana Céspedes, Gemma Chery, Diana Claxton-Carty, Sonia Copeland, Clara Cruz, Maríade Lourdes, Dy-Juan De Roza, Richard D’Meza, Roger Duncan, Mercedes España, Luis Fernando Fernandez, Hugo Fernandez,Clara Freile, Victor Gallant, Julio Garay, Jennifer George, Izzy Gerstenbluth, Perry Gómez, Silvino González,Lizbeth Guevara, Yaskara Halabi, Dorothea Hazel, Maria Henry, Josefina Heredia, Tania Herrera, Martin Huirse, AlinaJaime, Carla Jeffries, Kathryn Johnston, Ashok Kumar, Athelene Linton, María Llanes, Cecilia Lyons, Eugène Maduro,Marvin Maldonado, Francisco Maldonado, Andrea Maldonado, Marvin Manzanero, Belkys Marcelino, Ada Martínez,Celia Martínez de Cuellar, Zeidy Mata, Timothy McLaughlin-Munroe, Mary Mercedes, Jeetendra Mohanlall, ErnestoMoreno, Alice Neymour, Persaud Nordai, Michael Owen, Gisele Pinto, Tomasa Portillo, Irad Potter, Bob Pratt, EdwinQuinonez, Dottin Ramoutar, Anna Reyes, Leonarda Reyes, Paul Ricketts, Jorge Rodriguez, Adalberto Rodriguez, MariaRodriguez, Mirian Román, Katia Romero, Wilmer Salazar, Joan Simon, Manohar Singh, Sybil Smith, Jackurlyn Sutton,Clarita Torres, Maribelle Tromp, Christopher Trujillo, William Turner, Melisa Valdez, Reina Valerio, Daniel Vazquez,Nestor Vera, Juan Villeda, Asin Virginia, Eva de Weever, Michael Williams, Oritta Zachariah, Elsa Zerbini.WHO Eastern Mediterranean RegionSalama AbouZeid, Naila Abuljadayel, Khaled Abu Rumman, Nadia Abu Sabra, Khadiga Adam, Shahnaz Ahmadi,Amin Al-Absi, Samia Alagab, Abdulbary AlHammadi, Abdul Latif Al-Khal, Mohamed Al Lawati, Saeed Alsaffar, FatmaAl Saidi, Kifah Alshaqeldi, Salah Ben Mansour, Kenza Bennani, Kinaz Cheikh, Walid Daoud, Mohamed Elfurjani,Kamal Elneel, Rachid Fourati, Mohammed Gaafar, Amal Galal, Dhikrayet Gamara, Hawa Guessod, Dhafer Hashim,Kalthoom Hassan, Basharat Javed, Hiba Kamal, Joseph Lasu, Syed Mahmoudi, Alaa Mokhtar, Alaa Mokhtar, MahshidNasehi, Onwar Otien, Ejaz Qadeer, Mulham Saleh, Mohammad Seddiq, Khaled Sediq, Mohammed Sghiar, MohemmedTabena, Hiam Yaacoub.WHO European RegionTleukhan Abildaev, Ibrahim Abubakar, Natavan Alikhanova, Avtandil Alisherov, Ekkehardt Altpeter, Laura Anderson,Delphine Antoine, Gordana Radosavljevic Asic, Andrei Astrovko, Yana Besstraschnova, Oktam Bobokhojaev, OliveraBojovic, Bonita Brodhun, Claire Cameron, Noa Cedar, Daniel Chemtob, Domnica Chiotan, Ana Ciobanu, Nico Cioran,GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2012vii
Andra Cirule, Thierry Comolet, Radmila Curcic, Manfred Danilovitš, Edita Davidavicene, Hayk Davtyan, Gerard deVries, Mladen Duronjuic, Connie Erkens, Jennifer Fernández, Viktor Gasimov, Lárus Guðmundsson, Walter Haas,Hasan Hafizi, Eugene Hanyukov, Armen Hayrapetyan, Peter Helbling, Gennady Hurevich, Jahongir Ismoilov, MamukaJaparidze, Jerker Jonsson, Maria Korzeniewska-Kosela, Aynura Koshoeva, Mitja Košnik, Gabor Kovacs, Rukije Mehmeti,Donika Mema, Vladimir Milanov, Seher Musaonbasioglu, Joan O’Donnell, Analita Pace-Asciak, Clara Palma, ElenaPavlenko, Gilda Popescu, Bozidarka Rakocevic, Vija Riekstina, Jerome Robert, Elena Rodríguez-Valín, Kazimierz Roszkowski,Petri Ruutu, Roland Salmon, Gerard Scheiden, Brian Smyth, Ivan Solovic, Petra Sorli, Stefan Talevski, OdorinaTello-Anchuela, Mirzogolib Tilleashahov, Dilrabo Ulmasova, Gulnoz Uzakova, Piret Viiklepp, Pierre Weicherding,Aysegul Yildirim, Maja Zakoska, Hasan Zutic.WHO South-East Asia RegionImesha Abeysekara, Aminath Aroosha, Si Thu Aung, Tashi Dendup, Nuruzzaman Haque, Emdadul Hoque, Suksont Jittimanee,Jang Yong Hui, Kashi Kant Jha, Badri Nath Jnawali, Niraj Kulshrestha, Ashok Kumar, Dyah Erti Mustikawati,Costantino Lopes, Thandar Lwin, Chawetsan Namwat, Nirupa Pallewatte, Kiran Rade, Chewang Rinzin, Sudath Samaraweera,Yuwono Sidharta, Choe Kum Song, Asik Surya.WHO Western Pacific RegionPaul Aia, Cecilia Arciaga, Christina Barry, Iobi Batio, Risa Bukbuk, Nou Chanly, Phonenaly Chittamany, Henry Daiwo,Jiloris Dony, Jane Dowabobo, Saen Fanai, Rangiau Fariu, Ludovic Floury, Celina Garfin, Shakti Gounder, XaysangkhomInsisiengmay, Noel Itogo, Nese Conway, Mao Tan Eang, Mayleen Ekiek, Suzana Mohd Hashim, Chou Kuok Hei,Cho En Hi, Nguyen Binh Hoa, Tom Jack, Seiya Kato, Pengiran Ismail, Daniel Lamar, Morisse Laurent, Wang Lixia, LizaLopez, Henri-Pierre Mallet, Khin Mar Kyi Win, Serafi Moa, Johana Ngiruchelbad, Batbayar Ochirbat, Connie Olikong,Sosaia Penitani, Saia Penitani, Faimanifo Peseta, Nukutau Pokura, Waimanu Pulu, Marcelina Rabauliman, BerekaReiher, Bernard Rouchon, Temilo Seono, Cheng Shiming, Sang-sook Shin, Tokuaki Shobayashi, Tieng Sivanna, GrantStorey, Dinh Ngoc Sy, Phannasinh Sylavanh, Kenneth Tabutoa, Markleen Tagaro, Cheuk-ming Tam, Wang Yee Tang,Faafetai Teo-Yandall, Kyaw Thu, Kazuhiro Uchimura, Rosalind Vianzon, Du Xin, Dai Yoshizawa.viii GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2012
Page 2 and 3: GLOBALTUBERCULOSISREPORT2012
Page 4 and 5: ContentsAbbreviationsivAcknowledgem
Page 6 and 7: AcknowledgementsThis report on glob
Page 10 and 11: Executive SummaryThe World Health O
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER 1IntroductionBOX 1.1Basic f
Page 14 and 15: TABLE 1.1 Targets for the scale-up
Page 16 and 17: TABLE 1.2 Reporting of data in the
Page 18 and 19: BOX 2.1Uncertainty in estimates of
Page 20 and 21: TABLE 2.2 Estimated burden of disea
Page 22 and 23: FIGURE 2.5 Estimated TB incidence r
Page 24 and 25: FIGURE B2.2.1Reporting of notificat
Page 26 and 27: FIGURE 2.8Estimated TB incidence ra
Page 28 and 29: FIGURE 2.11 Countries (in blue) for
Page 30 and 31: FIGURE 2.12 Trends in estimated TB
Page 32 and 33: ● producing and widely disseminat
Page 34 and 35: FIGURE 2.16 Progress in global cove
Page 36 and 37: BOX 2.6Efforts by the Task Force to
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 3TB case notificationsand t
Page 40 and 41: BOX 3.1 1Definitions of TB casesDef
Page 42 and 43: TABLE 3.3 Contribution of public-pr
Page 44 and 45: BOX 3.4Integrating community-based
Page 46 and 47: TABLE 3.4 Estimates of the case det
Page 48 and 49: TABLE 3.5 Treatment success for new
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 4Drug-resistant TBKEY FACTS
Page 52 and 53: FIGURE 4.2 Percentage of new TB cas
Page 54 and 55: BOX 4.1Frequencies of resistance to
Page 56 and 57: FIGURE 4.6 Number of MDR-TB cases e
Page 58 and 59:
FIGURE 4.7Notified cases of MDR-TB
Page 60 and 61:
egimens globally, providing more su
Page 62 and 63:
5.1 Funding for TB care and control
Page 64 and 65:
TABLE 5.2 NTP budgets, available fu
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FIGURE 5.5Trends in domestic and do
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FIGURE 5.6Domestic funding as a per
Page 70 and 71:
FIGURE 5.8Cost per TB patient succe
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FIGURE 5.10 Total cost and unit cos
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● The 14 countries not included i
Page 76 and 77:
on public health by an external Exp
Page 78 and 79:
evised as a result of the introduct
Page 80 and 81:
TABLE 6.2 Incorporation of WHO poli
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FIGURE 6.3The Supranational Referen
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of TB disease by 65%, irrespective
Page 86 and 87:
FIGURE 7.3Percentage of TB patients
Page 88 and 89:
BOX 7.1Accelerating progress in pro
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TABLE 7.2 Assumptions used to estim
Page 92 and 93:
FIGURE 8.1 The development pipeline
Page 94 and 95:
sputum specimens and TB isolates fr
Page 96 and 97:
cal trial sites and building labora
Page 98:
new TB vaccine candidate. A Phase I
Page 102 and 103:
This annex explains the methods tha
Page 104 and 105:
2011. On average, 15 data points we
Page 106 and 107:
may suffer from biases. These biase
Page 108 and 109:
TABLE A1.3Parameter estimates used
Page 110 and 111:
5. Estimates of TB prevalence, 1990
Page 112:
the Republic of Moldova, Romania, t
Page 116 and 117:
AFGHANISTANPopulation 2011 32 milli
Page 118 and 119:
BRAZILPopulation 2011 197 millionHI
Page 120 and 121:
CHINAPopulation 2011 1 348 millionH
Page 122 and 123:
ETHIOPIAPopulation 2011 85 millionH
Page 124 and 125:
INDONESIAPopulation 2011 242 millio
Page 126 and 127:
MOZAMBIQUEPopulation 2011 24 millio
Page 128 and 129:
NIGERIAPopulation 2011 162 millionH
Page 130 and 131:
PHILIPPINESPopulation 2011 95 milli
Page 132 and 133:
SOUTH AFRICAPopulation 2011 50 mill
Page 134 and 135:
UGANDAPopulation 2011 35 millionHIG
Page 136 and 137:
VIET NAMPopulation 2011 89 millionH
Page 138:
ANNEX 3Regional profiles
Page 141 and 142:
WHO REGION OF THE AMERICASPopulatio
Page 143 and 144:
WHO EUROPEAN REGIONPopulation 2011
Page 145 and 146:
WHO WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONPopulatio
Page 148 and 149:
SUMMARY BY WHO REGIONTable A4.1 Est
Page 150 and 151:
MORTALITY (EXCLUDING HIV) PREVALENC
Page 152 and 153:
NEW AND RELAPSENOTIFICATION RATE aY
Page 154 and 155:
-% OF TB PATIENTS WITHKNOWN HIV STA
Page 156 and 157:
AFRICAN REGIONTable A4.1 Estimates
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
INCIDENCE (INCLUDING HIV) INCIDENCE
Page 164 and 165:
NEW AND RELAPSENOTIFICATION RATE aY
Page 166 and 167:
NEW AND RELAPSENOTIFICATION RATE a1
Page 168 and 169:
TREATMENT SUCCESS (%) a1995-2010YEA
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
YEARTOTALCONFIRMEDCASES OFMDR-TB aE
Page 178 and 179:
MALEYEAR 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-
Page 180 and 181:
REGION OF THE AMERICASTable A4.1 Es
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
% OF COHORTTREATMENT SUCCESS (%) a1
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
MALEFEMALEYEAR 0-14 15-24 25-34 35-
Page 204 and 205:
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGIONTable A
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
EUROPEAN REGIONTable A4.1 Estimates
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Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGIONTable A4.1 Es
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258:
SMEAR LABS % OF SMEARPER 100K LABS
Page 261 and 262:
Estimates of mortality, prevalence
Page 263 and 264:
YEARPOPULATION(MILLIONS)MORTALITY (
Page 265 and 266:
YEARPOPULATION(MILLIONS)INCIDENCE (
Page 267 and 268:
YEARPOPULATION(MILLIONS)INCIDENCE (
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
SMEAR LABS % OF SMEARPER 100K LABS
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