34 ENGAGING YOUNG PEOPLE?expectations, students from lower streams in junior cycle are more likely toenter LCA (Post-Primary Longitudinal Study (PPLS) database).Figure 4.3: LCA Take-up by Ability Group50.040.030.0%20.010.00.0Mixed ability Higher stream Middle stream Lower streamSource: Post-Primary Longitudinal Study (PPLS) database.The qualitative interviews highlight <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> school in selectingstudents specifically from lower streamed classes into LCA. The majority <strong>of</strong>those interviewed had attended schools with streamed classes from first orsecond year and thought <strong>the</strong> school did not approach middle and higherstreamed groups regarding LCA entry. Some respondents believed <strong>the</strong>irschools simply approached lower streamed classes with <strong>the</strong> option <strong>of</strong> LCA.Linda’s school had streamed classes throughout junior cycle and out <strong>of</strong> fiveclasses she was placed in <strong>the</strong> middle class. She explained how <strong>the</strong> careerguidance counsellor had not visited <strong>the</strong> two highest streamed classes to talkabout LCA:I was [class] three anyway, our group was three you know, <strong>the</strong>re’d be like, one t<strong>of</strong>ive, five would be like highest level… I’d say four and five because I knew acouple <strong>of</strong> girls that were in four and five and <strong>the</strong>y said no, like, <strong>the</strong> career guidanceteacher wasn’t in with us, he could have went in from three to one, you know whatI mean like, to see if we’d do <strong>the</strong> course like. (Linda, 21, completed LCA,student)Sandra also thought that only lower streamed classes were targeted eventhough she felt students in o<strong>the</strong>r classes wished to take LCA:Well <strong>the</strong> way we took it, and even now when I still think, you think were we in<strong>the</strong> lowest class that’s why we were brought into it like, you know, say people thatwere in <strong>the</strong> A classes, why weren’t <strong>the</strong>y brought into it like, like when a few <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>m did want to do it like, you know. (Sandra, 23, completed LCA, homeduties)The role <strong>of</strong> teachers, guidance counsellors and principals inrespondents’ decision to take LCA is examined fur<strong>the</strong>r in Section 4.4.
PATHWAYS INTO LCA 35Somewhat surprisingly, <strong>the</strong> longitudinal data found that overallacademic self-image <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> students, that is, <strong>the</strong>ir perceived capacity to copewith schoolwork over <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> junior cycle, is not significantlyrelated to LCA take-up. In third year, students who went on to take LCAwere just as likely as o<strong>the</strong>r students to agree that <strong>the</strong>y were ‘doing well atthis school’ or that ‘<strong>the</strong> schoolwork is quite easy in this school’. However,when LCA entrants were asked to compare <strong>the</strong>mselves with o<strong>the</strong>r studentsin <strong>the</strong> school, <strong>the</strong>y were much less likely to report that <strong>the</strong>y were doing aswell in <strong>the</strong>ir schoolwork (65 per cent compared with 86 per cent).Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong>y were much more likely than o<strong>the</strong>r students to reportthat <strong>the</strong>y had trouble keeping up with <strong>the</strong>ir schoolwork (41 per centcompared with 25 per cent). LCA entrants were also more likely to reportthat <strong>the</strong>y had been ‘below average’ in schoolwork compared to o<strong>the</strong>rstudents in <strong>the</strong>ir year group (28 per cent compared with 11 per cent).Perceptions <strong>of</strong> being ‘below average’ emerged in <strong>the</strong> qualitativeinterviews where respondents were reflective about <strong>the</strong>ir academic ability injunior cycle. Many felt <strong>the</strong>y could not cope with <strong>the</strong>ir schoolwork ingeneral. Deirdre felt that she was ‘bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> class’ when asked whatshe thought <strong>of</strong> school in junior cycle:I hated it, being completely honest…. I wouldn’t have been <strong>the</strong> best now in thatschool, I wouldn’t have been <strong>the</strong> best now at all, probably, I just didn’t enjoy itbecause like, I wasn’t good at school at all…different subjects I would have beenalways kind <strong>of</strong> bottom <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> class, you know that kind <strong>of</strong> way, I just didn’t enjoyit at all. (Deirdre, 22, completed LCA, unemployed)Anne disliked school and struggled with her subjects and studying ingeneral:I just hated <strong>the</strong>, see, I’m not good at studying and it was all studying, I couldn’t, Ijust couldn’t concentrate on <strong>the</strong> book like. (Anne, 21, completed LCA,employed)When asked whe<strong>the</strong>r she liked school during her junior cycle, Marydescribed how she found <strong>the</strong> whole experience stressful and felt thatschool did not suit her:I hated it…I’m not really a school person, I don’t mind it, it was just <strong>the</strong>pressure, I don’t work well under pressure, if I’m left to do my own thing I worka lot better. (Mary, 22, completed LCA, home duties)Despite <strong>the</strong>se negative experiences, <strong>the</strong> longitudinal data show thatstudents entering LCA do not differ markedly from o<strong>the</strong>r students in <strong>the</strong>extent to which <strong>the</strong>y report liking school over <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> juniorcycle. The exception to this pattern is somewhat less positive attitudes toschool at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> first year than o<strong>the</strong>r students. LCA entrants aresomewhat less likely to have found schoolwork interesting in third year(though <strong>the</strong> differences are not marked) and significantly less likely to agreethat <strong>the</strong>y ‘like school better than o<strong>the</strong>r students’ (16 per cent comparedwith 30 per cent).The qualitative interviews also highlighted <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> first year as aperiod when students began to disengage from school. This may reflect <strong>the</strong>end <strong>of</strong> a “honeymoon” period and <strong>the</strong> fact that students are becoming