Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Administration Unleashed

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AppendixesAPPENDIX AInstalling ProprietaryKernel Modules 525APPENDIX B Creating Virtual Machines 529APPENDIX CPreventing Security Breaches withExecShield 547APPENDIX D Troubleshooting 551
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Tammy FoxRed Hat ®Enterprise Linux
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Contents at a GlanceIntroduction ..
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Table of ContentsIntroduction 1Part
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ContentsviiConfiguring the Runlevel
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ContentsixHow It All Works.........
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ContentsxiLogging Samba Connections
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ContentsxiiiPart V Monitoring and T
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ContentsxvStarting and Stopping the
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About the AuthorTammy Fox has been
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We Want to Hear from You!As the rea
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IntroductionSo you’ve decided to
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Introduction 3Part III: System Admi
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Introduction 5Feedback and Correcti
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PART IInstallation andConfiguration
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CHAPTER 1Installing Red HatEnterpri
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Creating the Installation Source 11
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Creating the Installation Source 13
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Starting the Installation 15Startin
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Performing the Installation 17If Ha
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Performing the Installation 19A boo
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Performing the Installation 21As a
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Performing the Installation 23NOTEA
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Performing the Installation 256. Op
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Performing the Installation 274. Cr
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Performing the Installation 291FIGU
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Installing with Kickstart 31Creatin
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Installing with Kickstart 33Basic S
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Installing with Kickstart 35--bootp
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Installing with Kickstart 37--initl
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Installing with Kickstart 39--maxsi
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Installing with Kickstart 41. zfcpO
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Installing with Kickstart 43. reboo
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Installing with Kickstart 45--drive
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Installing with Kickstart 47Use a s
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Installing with Kickstart 49Use thi
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Installing with Kickstart 51. NFS s
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Installing with PXE 53Now, you shou
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Performing an Upgrade 55Configuring
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CHAPTER 2Post-InstallationConfigura
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Red Hat Setup Agent 592FIGURE 2.2En
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Red Hat Setup Agent 612FIGURE 2.5Se
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Red Hat Setup Agent 63After you hav
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Network Configuration 652FIGURE 2.1
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Network Configuration 67The /etc/ho
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Printer Configuration 69CAUTIONIf a
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Printer Configuration 712FIGURE 2.1
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Printer Configuration 732FIGURE 2.1
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Printer Configuration 75If the prin
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Adding Boot Parameters 77LISTING 2.
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CHAPTER 3Operating SystemUpdatesThi
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Assigning Users for the RHN Website
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Using System Groups on the RHN Webs
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Retrieving Software from RHN with Y
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Summary 95CAUTIONAlthough the -y op
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PART IIOperating System CoreConcept
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CHAPTER 4Understanding LinuxConcept
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Learning the Desktop 1014FIGURE 4.1
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Shell Basics 103TABLE 4.1Continued/
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Shell Basics 105To remove a directo
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Shell Basics 107every command you h
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Shell Basics 109Reading Text FilesS
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Manual Pages 111Manual PagesOne gre
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Editing Text Files 113Vi EditorThe
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Editing Text Files 115A text versio
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File Permissions 117As you can prob
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Initialization Scripts 1194FIGURE 4
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Runlevels 121The default runlevel i
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Summary 123FIGURE 4.12ntsysv4Summar
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CHAPTER 5Working with RPMSoftwareA
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Installing Software 127Finding the
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Installing Software 129After verify
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Updating Software 131perform as wel
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Verifying Software Files 133package
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Building RPM Packages 135example, i
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Building RPM Packages 137such as yo
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Building RPM Packages139LISTING 5.9
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Building RPM Packages 141%filesThe
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Building RPM Packages 143Creating t
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Building RPM Packages 145LISTING 5.
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Building RPM Packages 147You are pr
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Summary 149When installing the exam
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CHAPTER 6Analyzing HardwareSimilar
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Listing Devices 153LISTING 6.1Conti
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Listing Devices 155LISTING 6.5Verbo
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Detecting Hardware157LISTING 6.7Con
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Gathering Information from the BIOS
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Gathering Information from the BIOS
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Listing and Configuring Kernel Modu
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HAL 165HALIf the kernel knows about
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CHAPTER 7Managing StorageManaging s
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Understanding Partitioning 169Creat
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Understanding LVM 171such as:mount
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Understanding LVM 173To increase th
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Understanding LVM 175Use the lvcrea
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Understanding LVM 177the final numb
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Understanding RAID 179If a snapshot
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Understanding RAID 181LISTING 7.7Cr
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Understanding RAID 183Device Size :
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Using Access Control Lists 185Under
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Using Access Control Lists 187. For
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Using Disk Quotas 189Removing ACLsT
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Using Disk Quotas 191If it is unabl
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Summary 193This grace period is use
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CHAPTER 864-Bit, Multi-Core, andHyp
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Multi-Core Processors 197Duplicate
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Multi-Core Processors 199LISTING 8.
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Processors with Hyper-Threading Tec
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PART IIISystem AdministrationIN THI
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CHAPTER 9Managing Users andGroupsIN
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Managing Users 207FIGURE 9.1List of
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Managing Users 209TABLE 9.1Options
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Managing Groups 211TABLE 9.3 Contin
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Managing Groups 213Deleting GroupsT
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How It All Works 215If shadow passw
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Best Practices 217Managing Username
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Summary 219If your company is quite
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CHAPTER 10Techniques for Backupand
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Using Amanda for Backups 223. Do mu
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Using Amanda for Backups 225Table 1
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Using Amanda for Backups 227Setting
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Using Amanda for Backups229TABLE 10
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Using Amanda for Backups 231As you
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Other Linux Backup Utilities 233com
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Recovery and Repair 235Rescue ModeR
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Recovery and Repair 237Once in sing
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CHAPTER 11Automating Taskswith Scri
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Writing Scripts with Bash 241TIPThe
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Writing Scripts with Bash 243TABLE
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Writing Scripts with Bash 245TABLE
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Additional Scripting Languages 247T
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Scheduling Tasks with Cron 249LISTI
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Scheduling Tasks with Cron 251The f
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PART IVNetwork ServicesIN THIS PART
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CHAPTER 12Identity ManagementManagi
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Enabling NIS 257. optional: Results
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Enabling NIS 259TIPLog messages for
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Enabling NIS 261/var/yp/nicknames f
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Enabling NIS 263To accept requests
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Enabling NIS 265Because the lines t
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Enabling LDAP 267Level and Firewall
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Enabling LDAP 269LISTING 12.3Contin
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Enabling LDAP 271LISTING 12.6Contin
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Enabling LDAP 273LISTING 12.7Modify
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Enabling LDAP 275LISTING 12.8Defaul
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Enabling LDAP 277Many applications
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Enabling Kerberos 279Configuring th
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Enabling Kerberos 281Principals mus
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Enabling Kerberos 283In the ACL fil
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Enabling SMB or Winbind Authenticat
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Enabling with Authentication Tool 2
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CHAPTER 13Network File SharingIN TH
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Network File System 295The SELinux
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Network File System 297On the Basic
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Network File System 299Editing and
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Network File System 301FIGURE 13.4A
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Network File System 303update the c
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Samba File Sharing 305To verify tha
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Samba File Sharing 307FIGURE 13.6Sa
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Samba File Sharing 309Clicking OK s
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Samba File Sharing 311If users will
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Samba File Sharing 313LISTING 13.6C
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Samba File Sharing 315If you know t
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Samba File Sharing 317TABLE 13.2Con
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CHAPTER 14Granting NetworkConnectiv
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Configuring the Server 321Chapter 3
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Configuring the Server 323LISTING 1
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Summary 325This argument is useful
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CHAPTER 15Creating a Web Serverwith
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Configuring the Server 329FIGURE 15
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Configuring the Server 331ListenSec
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Configuring the Server 333where is
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Configuring the Server 335virtual h
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Summary 337Starting and Stopping th
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CHAPTER 16Hostname Resolutionwith B
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Configuring BIND 341Install the bin
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Configuring BIND 343. masters: List
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Configuring BIND 345Configuring Vie
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Configuring BIND 347The default-por
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Configuring BIND Graphically 349Sta
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Logging Connections 351FIGURE 16.2I
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Logging Connections 353Only the fil
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CHAPTER 17Securing Remote Loginswit
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Configuring the Server 357key. If a
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Connecting from the Client 359If th
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Connecting from the Client 361It is
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Connecting from the Client 363Remem
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Connecting from the Client 365After
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CHAPTER 18Setting Up an EmailServer
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Understanding Email Concepts 369Sen
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Configuring Sendmail 371. local-hos
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Configuring Sendmail 373LISTING 18.
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Using POP and IMAP 375By default, t
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Allowing Email Connections 377LISTI
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CHAPTER 19Explaining OtherCommon Ne
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The xinetd Super Server 381LISTING
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The xinetd Super Server 383LISTING
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The xinetd Super Server 385. A patt
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Transferring Files with FTP 387. pe
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Transferring Files with FTP 389TABL
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Transferring Files with FTP 391TABL
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Transferring Files with FTP 393To d
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Keeping Accurate Time with NTP 395K
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Keeping Accurate Time with NTP 397A
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Creating a Network Printer with CUP
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PART VMonitoring and TuningIN THIS
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CHAPTER 20Monitoring SystemResource
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Reporting Filesystem Usage 405To vi
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Reporting Disk Performance 407TIPNa
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Reporting Disk Performance 409/usr/
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Reporting System Processes 411TABLE
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Reporting Memory Usage 413Reporting
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Reporting on the Network Subsystem
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Generating a System Report 417FIGUR
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Viewing Log Files with Logwatch 419
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Viewing Log Files with Logwatch 421
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CHAPTER 21Monitoring and Tuningthe
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Using the /proc Directory 425. /pro
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Optimizing Virtual Memory 427TABLE
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Optimizing Virtual Memory 429. vm.d
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Managing Memory with NUMA 431If it
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Saving Kernel Dumps for Analysis 43
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Setting SMP IRQ Affinity 443Setting
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Enabling NMI Watchdog for Locked Sy
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Enabling NMI Watchdog for Locked Sy
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CHAPTER 22Monitoring and TuningAppl
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OProfile 451The performance monitor
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OProfile 453TABLE 22.1Continuedppc6
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OProfile 455To further customize th
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OProfile 4573. Set up which process
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Valgrind 459determine what processe
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PART VISecurityIN THIS PARTCHAPTER
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CHAPTER 23Protecting AgainstIntrude
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Selecting an SELinux Mode 465CAUTIO
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Selecting and Customizing the SELin
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Working with Security Contexts 4692
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Working with Security Contexts 471L
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Working with Security Contexts 473L
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Working with Security Contexts 475I
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CHAPTER 24Configuring a FirewallAs
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Selecting a Table and Command for I
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Using IPTables Match Extensions 481
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Using IPTables Target Extensions 49
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Page 1042: IPTables Examples 501. condrestart:
Page 1046: Enabling the Default Firewall 503As
Page 1050: CHAPTER 25Linux Auditing SystemThe
Page 1054: Configuring the Audit Daemon 507log
Page 1058: Writing Audit Rules and Watches 509
Page 1070: Starting and Stopping the Daemon 51
Page 1074: Analyzing the Records 517you must b
Page 1078: Analyzing the Records 519the result
Page 1082: Tracing a Process with Audit 521LIS
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Page 1092: 526APPENDIX AInstalling Proprietary
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Page 1100: 530APPENDIX BCreating Virtual Machi
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548APPENDIX CPreventing Security Br
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550APPENDIX CPreventing Security Br
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552APPENDIX DTroubleshootingQ. I di
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554APPENDIX DTroubleshootingQ. When
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556APPENDIX DTroubleshootingQ. I ne
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558APPENDIX DTroubleshootingSecurit
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560addingaddingdisk space to LVM, 1
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562autofsautofsconnecting NFS share
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564Configuration Administrator role
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566directivesdirectives/etc/httpd/c
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568Encrypt Passwords option (Samba
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570filesystemsfinding files in dire
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572helper match extension (IPTables
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574IPTablesconfiguring, 477examples
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576LDAP (Lightweight Directory Acce
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578loginssecure file transfers, 359
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580modulesmoduleskernel modulesinst
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582NFS (Network File System)server
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584passphrasespassphrasescreating v
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586Red Hat Network Provisioning, Li
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588scriptsscriptsAwk, 249Bash, 239c
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590sharesSambaadding to, 309adding
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592storageLVM schemes, 168-169remov
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594umount command, removing logical
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596vmstat command, reporting memory
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