Archaeological Investigations at Yourhaney Plantation (38GE18)

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184These assemblages include the entire site, Structure 1 (Outbuilding), Structure 2 (Plantation House),Feature 208 (Clay Extraction Pit), Feature 239 (Feature inside Plantation House chimney), Structure3 (small dwelling) and work area, Feature 124 (Outdoor Hearth), Structure 4 (Outbuilding?),Feature 24 (Root Cellar?), Structure 5 (Outbuilding), and Structure 6 (later building). In sum, itsuggests that the property was initially occupied sometime between 1700 and 1740, with the bulkof the occupation terminating by 1820. Some later intrusive components are found after that time,up until at least 1860.Although historic ceramics solidly linking this site to the trading post were not identified, it is entirelypossible that the settlement at 38GE18 is the location of the trading post and that later, moreintensive occupations are masking the evidence that would allow one to conclusively state that thepost existed here.Table 22. Summary of Dating Information.Context MCD OCR dates South'sBracketBartovic'sBracketSouth's2ndBracketBartovic's2ndBracketAll 1786 N/A 1760-1860 1760-1820Str. 1 1742 1743, 1765, 1790, 1801 1690-1800 1690-1800Str. 2 1781 1778, 1780 1760-1815 1760-1815Str. 2, Fea. 208 1790 1758, 1768, 1860 1780-1820 1760-1820Str. 2, Fea. 239 1777 1735 1740-1795 1740-1780Str. 3 & Work Area w/oFea. 119) 1753, 1764 1760, 1806(2), 1852 1740-1800 1760-1795 1815-1835 1815-1835Fea. 124 (in Str. 3 workarea) 1750 1832 1700-1795 1760-1795Str. 4 1760, 1787 1719, 1764, 1785, 1820 1760-1800 1740-1780 1830-1860 1830-1860Fea. 24 (under Str. 4) 1756 1738 1700-1795 1700-1775Str. 5 1762 1634, 1669 1740-1795 1740-1775Str. 6 1791 1866 1760-1820 1760-1820Historical documents suggest that buildings existed at Yauhannah Bluff at William Waties III’s deathin 1749. Waties acquired the property only a couple years before, prior to which it had beenowned by members of the Pawley family. It is quite likely that buildings existed on the tract duringPawley ownership, perhaps as early as shortly after Anthony Pawley acquired the tract in 1723.The earliest artifact recovered was a 1722 Rosa Americana coin that was likely deposited on siteduring Anthony Pawley’s ownership between 1723 and 1741. With some level of certainty, therehad to have been a house on the plantation at William Waties III’s death in 1749, because hewills the property to his wife and it is doubtful he would have left her without a dwelling house. Aplantation house continued to exist during William Hull’s ownership, as he held two weddings therefor his daughters (Deryl Young, personal communication 2005). Hull died in 1773, after whichJohn Alston occupied the property. He lived there based on Revolutionary War indents putting himat Yauhannah Ferry in the late 18 th century. He died in 1795 and it is possible that with his deathcame the abandonment of the main house. His son William obtained the property, but it appearsthat from at least 1815 onward, tenants occupied the site. William leased the ferry in 1815,1816, and 1817. Also the 1820 map of Georgetown District places Isaac Singleton on site, whowas also a tenant (Mills 1825).
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT YOURHANEY PLANTATION18538GE18 appears to have been occupied by wealthy planters from perhaps the 1720s up throughabout 1795. Afterwards, the property was leased to tenants to run the ferry. Based on ceramicsrecovered at the site, the most intensive occupation was after about 1740. The ceramics suggestthat the main house was abandoned by 1820, but this is based on the end of the manufacture ofcreamwares, the most numerous ceramic type on site. While not nearly as numerous, pearlwareexists on site as well, which was being manufactured as early as 1780. The presence of bothcreamwares and pearlwares indicates that the primary occupation could have ended by 1795 –the year of John Alston’s death.John S. Otto (1984: 65-69) used decorations on cream colored wares to measure wealth. Heconcluded that a dominance of transfer printed wares occurred in planter contexts, while otherdecorations dominated lower status collections. However, his collections were primarily 19 thcentury, and the ceramics from Yauhannah Bluff are primarily 18 th century. Transfer printed waresreached their height of popularity between 1790 and 1840, and therefore can not be considereda good indicator of wealth at Yauhannah Bluff since 1790 is near the end of the period ofoccupation. In addition, Miller’s (1980; 1991) work on ceramic pricing also deals primarily withlater assemblages. Godden (1979) provides some wholesale pricing information on “blue andwhite” vessels or porcelain. In 1706 the East Indian Company valued a plate at about a shilling,“but they fetched at auction between eleven pence and two shillings”, which suggests that pricesdoubled at retail (Godden 1979: 114). Beginning in 1755 the price for the same vessel wasabout 0.0.3 English pounds and by 1760 it increased to one shilling. The fall in price wasprobably due to the increased competition among traders and the large amount of porcelainflowing into England. Prices rose again in 1766 to 0.2.6 English pounds. By 1777 the price was0.3.4 English pounds. This is more expensive than English wares such as white salt glazedstoneware or, later, creamware, and more expensive than locally produced American wares (seeTrinkley et al. 1995).Although creamware was produced as early as 1762, it was not widely available to the massesuntil the 1770s. In Virginia, even the wealthiest and most fashion-conscious residents do not seemto be choosing creamware until after Wedgwood’s royal marketing of the late 1760s, and it wasnot until 1771 that a wealthy rural Virginia planter could report that it was much in use among hispeers (Downman 1771). In contrast, delft and white salt glazed plates were probably purchasedbefore 1770, although they continued to be produced thereafter. The introduction of creamwareinto the colonial market was an important watershed. Prior to that time, there was great variabilityof imported tablewares for sale including pewter, porcelain, white salt-glazed stoneware,Whieldon ware, slipware, and Delft. After 1770 creamwares nearly replaced other low costceramics. However porcelain continued to be a luxury throughout history, but creamware seems tobe what many, especially middling, colonists wanted on the eve of the American Revolution (Martin1994: 178).The proportion of porcelain to other wares has been shown to illustrate wealth at other sites inSouth Carolina and knowing that it was considered a luxury throughout history suggests that it maybe an appropriate yard stick. However, there is another important factor that may be at work. Inlooking primarily at 18 th century planter contexts (Table 23), by far the site containing the mostporcelains was Broom Hall in the Goose Creek area. In fact, porcelains accounted for nearly thesame percentage as earthenwares, which tend to dominate most collections. Porcelains onlyaccounted for about 2% at Yauhannah Bluff.
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iiThis reports provides a thorough
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viFigure 51. Magnetic north view of
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viiiLIST OF ACRONYMS ANDABBREVIATIO
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT YO
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Figure 4Barnwell-Hammerton Map of 1
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SettlementFigure 51754 plat of Will
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26Figure 7Faden’s 1780 Edition of
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28Figure 9Mills’ Atlas Showing th
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30Their brother Charles C. P. Alsto
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32At the time of the Civil War, the
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Figure 101925 Plat of Yauhannah Blu
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Figure 12Electromagnetic Anomaly Ma
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Figure 17Distribution of wrought na
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Figure 23. Plan Drawing of Area BAR
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130Several different comparison rat
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132Three features appear to date to
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Page 148 and 149: 136 |Table 15. Total Counts and Wei
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Page 152 and 153: |140FeatureTotalWood Monocot PineRe
Page 154 and 155: 142 |FeatureRedElm/ HophornbeamMapl
Page 156 and 157: 144Summary of Mississippian Period
Page 158 and 159: 146One species of bedstraw sustains
Page 160 and 161: 148The macroplant assemblage includ
Page 162 and 163: 150Forty liters of flotation sample
Page 164 and 165: 152The young shoots can be boiled a
Page 166 and 167: 154Twelve species, which fruit betw
Page 168 and 169: 156Dock was used to make poultices
Page 170 and 171: 158While the conclusions about fore
Page 172 and 173: 160White oaks, which prefer moist,
Page 174 and 175: 162The validity of this observation
Page 176 and 177: 164In the southeastern United State
Page 178 and 179: 166Gar is another primitive fish th
Page 180 and 181: 168Feature 55 (Historic Post)A sing
Page 182 and 183: 170Feature 107 (Historic Post)The f
Page 184 and 185: 172Feature 137 (Prehistoric Pit)A t
Page 186 and 187: 174Feature 219 (Historic Post)A tot
Page 188 and 189: 176The abundance of maize demonstra
Page 191 and 192: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT YO
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Page 211 and 212: 29 2923031 29035394140Structure 675
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APPENDIX A. ARTIFACT CATALOG
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County: GeorgetownState: South Caro
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Key: Surface - S = Smoothed; RS = R
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208 126 10YR7/3 HB 5 FMicaS River B
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APPENDIX C. ZOOARCHAEOLOGICALANALYS
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ELEMENT LISTCode Element1 Indetermi
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ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL CATALOGBag Number
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81 122 155 404 0 2 0.06 1 0 0 081 1
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126 208 99 1 0 0 4.02 1 0 0 0126 20
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126 208 802 902 0 0 0.66 1 0 0 0126
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Curation Plan for the Submission of
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like objects, and each artifact or
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Archaeological Investigations at Yourhaney Plantation (38GE18)

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