Archaeological Investigations at Yourhaney Plantation (38GE18)

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT YOURHANEY PLANTATION193The Sara (Sarraw), along with the Peadee, appear on maps of the lower Pee Dee River Valley by1711 (see also Barnwell-Hammerton map circa 1721; Figure 4). Rogers (1970) notes that all theWaccamaw Indians were wiped out in a “1720” war with South Carolina, although apparently afew remained and ended up with the Catawba Nation. In 1715 the Winyahs are placed on thewest side of the Pee Dee River near its confluence with Winyah Bay about 80 miles northeast ofCharleston (Hodge 1910: 963), while the Waccamaws are placed 100 miles northeast ofCharleston (Hodge 1874: 14). Because the Winyah sided with the British and actually fought theirWaccamaw Indian neighbors, they survived longer and appear on the 1730 George Hunter mapon the west side of the Black River only about 12 miles from Yauhannah Bluff. Also, the undatedBowen map (“A New and Accurate Map of the Province of North and South Carolina, Georgia,etc.”) shows the “Winyou” Indians southwest of the Pee Dee River. According to Swanton (1952),the Winyahs were being raided for slaves as early as the 1680s. The Pee Dees managed toremain in the area until about 1740 when they sold their lands and moved away (Steen et al.1998).The Kimbel series wares found by Trinkley and Hogue (1979) at Wachesaw Landing was believedto be associated with the Caraway pottery series found as far south as the southern North CarolinaPiedmont (Coe n.d.). Trinkley and Hogue (1979) believe this ware may have made it down to thearea through trade or assimilation. The Kimbel series, and by extension the Caraway series, asdefined at Wachesaw Landing is too thick and perhaps too hard fired to be represented by theColonial Burnished ware at Yauhannah Bluff. These wares are described as being 6 to 8 mm,while the Colonial Burnished wares at Yauhannah Bluff did not exceed 6 mms. Also, Trinkley et al.(1983) only identified cazuela (shouldered bowls with in-sloping rims) and hemispherical bowls atWachesaw Landing, while the example at Yauhannah Bluff is represented by a jar. The Oldtownseries associated with the Saras, and perhaps the Pee Dees, is the closest fit for historic NativeAmerican potting traditions. The Oldtown series are typically tempered with fine to very fine sand.Most examples from Lower Saratown were found to be thin, between 4 to 6 mm (Ward and Davis1993: 192-194). Steen et al. (1998) found similar wares at Pee Dee town, which they alsobelieved could be related to the Oldtown series although some resembled Kimbel as well. Whileno direct relationship between Oldtown and Colonial Burnished wares can be made, nor can adirect relationship between Colonial Burnished wares and Native American slaves, the possibilityfor this relationship does exist and should be considered in future studies.LesesneLesesne wares made up the majority of the assemblage consisting of 43.9% of the collection. Theywere found in Features 24, 67, 93, 98, 106, 112, 124, 138, 142, and 208. Table 26 presentsthe date range and MCD based on the ceramic collection. Those with no datable ceramics arelisted as N/D. The MCDs fall between 1733 and 1791, with a mean of 1755. It should be notedthat the latest feature (208) contained almost all of the River Burnished wares believed to date tothe late 18 th to early 19 th century. Half of the datable features had ceramic date ranges exclusiveto the 18 th century. Both small and large bowls were identified as well as a jar form. One of therims of a bowl was incised.