Archaeological Investigations at Yourhaney Plantation (38GE18)

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10Of considerable interest was the recovery of charcoal from the pre-Clovis layer. There was an areaof abundant charcoal in a shallow depression, from which a chert flake was recovered and it isbelieved that this represents a hearth. Two radiocarbon samples were submitted, which resulted indates of 50,300 RC yr. BP and 51,700 RC yr. BP (Goodyear 2005). This work could have greatimplications for understanding the origin and migration of the human species.ARCHAIC PERIODEarly ArchaicThe Archaic Period has been traditionally divided into three sub-periods: the Early Archaic (10,000to 8,000 B.P.), the Middle Archaic (8,000 to 5,000 B.P.), and the Late Archaic (5,000 to 3,000B.P.). Generally, the Archaic is viewed as a lengthy time of adjustment to changing environmentsbrought about by the Holocene warming trend and rising sea level.Early Archaic projectile point forms include the Hardaway Side-Notched, Palmer Corner-Notched,and Kirk Corner-Notched. Representatives of the terminal Early Archaic bifurcate tradition(Chapman 1975) are also found in some quantities. The Middle Archaic sequence begins withKirk Serrated and Kirk Stemmed points, which are followed by the closely aligned Stanly Stemmed.These are followed by the Morrow Mountain I and II types and then the Guilford and Brier Creeklanceolate types. Late Archaic points include the early Savannah River Stemmed and the smallerOtarre Stemmed points. Pottery makes its appearance in the terminal Late Archaic with the fibertemperedStalling’s series and the sand-tempered Thom’s Creek series (see Blanton et al. 1986).Middle ArchaicDuring the Early Archaic period, the region became warmer and moister because of the meltingcontinental glaciers that increased sea levels and precipitation. Oaks were the dominant forestvegetation (Delcourt and Delcourt 1987) and there appear to have been episodes of heavy rainfall(Segovia 1985). This environment led to changes in human adaptations that are visible in thearchaeological record. Based on research conducted at two sites in North Carolina's Haw RiverValley, Claggett and Cable (1982) proposed that changes in technology from the Paleoindian tothe Early Archaic Periods reflect changes in settlement organization in response to post–Pleistocenewarming.Sassaman (1983) suggests that Middle Archaic people were very mobile, perhaps movingresidences every few weeks, which fits Binford's (1980) definition of a foraging society. Binfordproposed that foragers had high levels of residential mobility, moving camps often to takeadvantage of dispersed, but similar resource patches. He believed that differences inenvironmental structure could be traced to large-scale climatic factors and further noted that acollector system could arise under any condition that limited the ability of hunter–gatherers torelocate residences. During his work in the Haw River area of North Carolina, Cable (1982)argued that postglacial warming at the end of the Pleistocene led to increased vegetationalhomogeneity which encouraged foraging. Sassaman's (1983) "Adaptive Flexibility" modelsuggests that this homogeneity allowed for a high degree of social flexibility, which allowed themto pick up and move when needed.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT YOURHANEY PLANTATION 11Figure 2Pre-ceramic phase sequences from nearby regions in North and South CarolinaB.P.3,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,00011,000Paleoindian Early Archaic Middle Archaic Late ArchaicKirkGypsyOtarreSavannahRiverHalifaxGuilfordMorrowMountainStanlyPalmerHardawayHardaway-DaltonSuwaneeClovisNorth Carolina Piedmont(from Cable 1991)BifurcateGypsy StemmedOtarre StemmedSavannah RiverStemmedHalifax Side-NotchedBriar CreekStemmed,Guilford LanceolateMorrow MountainI and II StemmedStanly StemmedKirk Serrated,Kirk Stemmed,Small KirkCorner-NotchedBifurcatesPalmerCorner-NotchedHardaway Side-NotchedHardaway-DaltonHardawayBladeClovisMALA-BentonMorrowMountainStanlyKirk StemmedBifurcateMiddle Savannah River Valley(from Sassaman 1990)PERIOD PHASE POINT STYLES PHASE POINT STYLESThom's Creek/Stallings II-IIIStallings IPalmer/KirkTaylorDaltonSimpson/SuwaneeClovisGuilfordSwannanoa StemmedOtarre StemmedGary StemmedSavannah RiverStemmedMALA-BentonStemmedBriar CreekStemmedGuilford LanceolateMorrow MountainI and II StemmedStanly StemmedKirk Stemmed/SerratedBifurcatesKirkCorner-NotchedPalmerCorner-NotchedTaylor Side-NotchedHardaway Side-NotchedHardaway-DaltonDaltonSimpson, Suwanee,QuadClovis12,000
Page 4 and 5: iiThis reports provides a thorough
Page 8 and 9: viFigure 51. Magnetic north view of
Page 10 and 11: viiiLIST OF ACRONYMS ANDABBREVIATIO
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Page 31 and 32: Figure 4Barnwell-Hammerton Map of 1
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Page 42 and 43: 30Their brother Charles C. P. Alsto
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Page 59 and 60: Figure 12Electromagnetic Anomaly Ma
Page 65 and 66: Figure 17Distribution of wrought na
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Figure 23. Plan Drawing of Area BAR
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT YO
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130Several different comparison rat
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132Three features appear to date to
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134 |Table 14. Sample Volume, Wood
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136 |Table 15. Total Counts and Wei
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138 |Table 16. Recovered Condiments
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|140FeatureTotalWood Monocot PineRe
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142 |FeatureRedElm/ HophornbeamMapl
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144Summary of Mississippian Period
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146One species of bedstraw sustains
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148The macroplant assemblage includ
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150Forty liters of flotation sample
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152The young shoots can be boiled a
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154Twelve species, which fruit betw
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156Dock was used to make poultices
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158While the conclusions about fore
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160White oaks, which prefer moist,
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162The validity of this observation
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164In the southeastern United State
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166Gar is another primitive fish th
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168Feature 55 (Historic Post)A sing
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170Feature 107 (Historic Post)The f
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172Feature 137 (Prehistoric Pit)A t
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174Feature 219 (Historic Post)A tot
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176The abundance of maize demonstra
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29 2923031 29035394140Structure 675
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201Figure 52A. Reconstructed view o
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APPENDIX A. ARTIFACT CATALOG
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County: GeorgetownState: South Caro
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Key: Surface - S = Smoothed; RS = R
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208 126 10YR7/3 HB 5 FMicaS River B
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APPENDIX C. ZOOARCHAEOLOGICALANALYS
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ELEMENT LISTCode Element1 Indetermi
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ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL CATALOGBag Number
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81 122 155 404 0 2 0.06 1 0 0 081 1
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126 208 99 1 0 0 4.02 1 0 0 0126 20
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126 208 802 902 0 0 0.66 1 0 0 0126
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Curation Plan for the Submission of
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like objects, and each artifact or
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Archaeological Investigations at Yourhaney Plantation (38GE18)

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