Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the House of UsherSon coeur est un luth suspendu;Sitot qu’on le touche il resonne.DE BERANGERDuring the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in theautumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low inthe heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, througha singularly dreary tract of country; and at length foundmyself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view ofthe melancholy House of Usher . I know not how it was -- but,with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferablegloom pervaded my spirit. I say insufferable; for the feelingwas unrelieved by any of that half-pleasureable, because poetic,sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even thesternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. I lookedupon the scene before me -- upon the mere house, and thesimple landscape features of the domain -- upon the bleakwalls--upon the vacant eye-like windows-- upon a few ranksedges--and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees -- withan utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthlysensation more properly than to the after-dream of the revellerupon opium -- the bitter lapse into everyday life -- the hideousdropping off of the veil. There was an iciness, a sinking, asickening of the heart -- an unredeemed dreariness of thoughtwhich no goading of the imagination could torture into aughtof the sublime. What was it -- I paused to think -- what wasit that so unnerved me in the contemplation of the House ofUsher? It was a mystery all insoluble; nor could I grapple withthe shadowy fancies that crowded upon me as I pondered. Iwas forced to <strong>fall</strong> back upon the unsatisfactory conclusion, thatwhile, beyond doubt, there are combinations of very simplenatural objects which have the power of thus affecting us, stillthe analysis of this power lies among considerations beyondour depth. It was possible, I reflected, that a mere differentarrangement of the particulars of the scene, of the detailsof the picture, would be sufficient to modify, or perhaps toannihilate its capacity for sorrowful impression; and, actingupon this idea, I reined my horse to the precipitous brink of ablack and lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre by the dwelling,and gazed down -- but with a shudder even morethrilling than before -- upon the remodelled and invertedimages of the grey sedge, and the ghastly tree-stems, and thevacant and eye-like windows .Nevertheless, in this mansion of gloom I now proposed tomyself a sojourn of some weeks. Its proprietor, Roderick Usher,had been one of my boon companions in boyhood; but manyyears had elapsed since our last meeting. A letter, however, hadlately reached me in a distant part of the country -- a letter fromhim-- which, in its wildly importunate nature, had admittedof no other than a personal reply. The MS gave evidence ofnervous agitation. The writer spoke of acute bodily illness-- ofa mental disorder which oppressed him -- and of an earnestdesire to see me, as his best, and indeed his only personalfriend, with a view of attempting, by the cheerfulness of mysociety, some alleviation of his malady. It was the manner inwhich all this, and much more, was said -- it was the apparentheart that went with his request -- which allowed me no roomfor hesitation; and I accordingly obeyed forthwith what I stillconsidered a very singular summons.Although, as boys, we had been even intimate associates, yetI really knew little of my friend. His reserve had been alwaysexcessive and habitual. I was aware, however, that his veryancient family had been noted, time out of mind, for a peculiarsensibility of temperament, displaying itself, through longages, in many works of exalted art, and manifested, of late, inrepeated deeds of munificent yet unobtrusive charity, as wellas in a passionate devotion to the intricacies, perhaps evenmore than to the orthodox and easily recognizable beauties,of musical science. I had learned, too, the very remarkablefact, that the stem of the Usher race, all time-honoured asit was, had put forth, at no period, any enduring branch; inother words, that the entire family lay in the direct line ofdescent, and had always, with very trifling and very temporaryvariation, so lain. It was this deficiency, I considered, whilerunning over in thought the perfect keeping of the characterof the premises with the accredited character of the people,and while speculating upon the possible influence which theone, in the long lapse of centuries, might have exercised uponthe other -- it was this deficiency, perhaps, of collateral issue,and the consequent undeviating transmission, from sire toson, of the patrimony with the name, which had, at length,so identified the two as to merge the original title of theestate in the quaint and equivocal appellation of the ‘Houseof Usher’ -- an appellation which seemed to include, in theminds of the peasantry who used it, both the family and thefamily mansion.I have said that the sole effect of my somewhat childishexperiment -- that of looking down within the tarn--had beento deepen the first singular impression. There can be no doubtthat the consciousness of the rapid increase of my suspersition-- for why should I not so term it? -- served mainly to acceleratethe increase itself. Such, I have long known, is the paradoxicallaw of all sentiments having decayed trees, and the grey wall,and the silent tarn -- a pestilent and mystic vapour, dull,sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued .Shaking off from my spirit what must have been a dream, Iscanned more narrowly the real aspect of the building. Itsprincipal feature seemed to be that of an excessive antiquity.131
The discoloration of ages had been great. Minute fungioverspread the whole exterior, hanging in a fine tangledweb-work from the eaves. Yet all this was apart from anyextraordinary dilapidation. No portion of the masonry had<strong>fall</strong>en; and there appeared to be a wild inconsistency betweenits still perfect adaptation of parts, and the crumbling conditionof the individual stones. In this there was much that remindedme of the specious totality of old woodwork which has rottedfor long years in some neglected vault, with no disturbancefrom the breath of the external air. Beyond this indicationof extensive decay, however, the fabric gave little token ofinstability. Perhaps the eye of a scrutinizing observer mighthave discovered a barely perceptible fissure, which, extendingfrom the roof of the building in front, made its way down thewall in a zigzag direction, until it became lost in the sullenwaters of the tarn.Noticing these things, I rode over a short causeway to the house.A servant in waiting took my horse, and I entered the Gothicarchway of the hall. A valet, of stealthy step, thence conductedme, in silence, through many dark and intricate passages in myprogress to the studio of his master. Much that I encounteredon the way contributed, I know not how, to heighten thevague sentiments of which I have already spoken. While theobjects around me -- while the carvings of the ceilings, thesombre tapestries of the walls, the ebon blackness of the floors,and the phantasmagoric armorial trophies which rattled as Istrode, were but matters to which, or to such as which, I hadbeen accustomed from my infancy -- while I hesitated not toacknowledge how familiar was all this -- I still wondered tofind how unfamiliar were the fancies which ordinary imageswere stirring up. On one of the staircases, I met the physicianof the family. His countenance, I thought, wore a mingledexpression of low cunning and perplexity. He accosted mewith trepidation and passed on. The valet now threw open adoor and ushered me into the presence of his master.The room in which I found myself was very large and lofty.The windows were long, narrow, and pointed, and at so vasta distance from the black oaken floor as to be altogetherinaccessible from within. Feeble gleams of encrimsoned lightmade their way through the trellised panes, and served torender sufficiently distinct the more prominent objects around;the eye ,however, struggled in vain to reach the remoter angles of thechamber, or the recesses of the vaulted and fretted ceiling.Dark draperies hung upon the walls. The general furniturewas profuse, comfortless, antique, and tattered. Many booksand musical instruments lay scattered about, but failed to giveany vitality to the scene. I felt that I breathed an atmosphereof sorrow. An air of stern, deep, and irredeemable gloom hungover and pervaded all.Upon my entrance, Usher rose from a sofa on which he hadbeen lying at full length, and greeted me with a vivaciouswarmth which had much in it, I at first thought, of an overdonecordiality -- of the constrained effort of the ennuyé man of theworld. A glance, however, at his countenance, convinced meof his perfect sincerity. We sat down; and for some moments,while he spoke not, I gazed upon him with a feeling half ofpity, half of awe. Surely, man had never before so terriblyaltered, in so brief a period, as had Roderick Usher! It waswith difficulty that I could bring myself to admit the identityof the wan being before me with the companion of my earlyboyhood. Yet the character of his face had been at all timesremarkable. A cadaverousness of complexion; an eye large,liquid, and luminous beyond comparison; lips somewhat thinand very pallid, but of a surpassing beautiful curve; a nose of adelicate Hebrew model, but with a breadth of nostril unusualin similar formations; a finely-moulded chin, speaking, in itswant of prominence, of a want of moral energy; hair of a morethan web-like softness and tenuity; these features, with aninordinate expansion above the regions of the temple, made upaltogether a countenance not easily to be forgotten. And nowin the mere exaggeration of the prevailing character of thesefeatures, and of the expression they were wont to convey, layso much of change that I doubted to whom I spoke. The nowghastly pallor of the skin, and the now miraculous lustre of theeye, above all things startled and even awed me. The silkenhair, too, had been suffered to grow all unheeded, and as, in itswild gossamer texture , it floated rather than fell about the face,I could not, even with effort, connect its arabesque expressionwith any idea of simple humanity.In the manner of my friend I was at once struck with anincoherence -- an inconsistency; and I soon found this toarise from a series of feeble and futile struggles to overcomean habitual trepidancy -- an excessive nervous agitation. Forsomething of this nature I had indeed been prepared, no less byhis letter, than by reminiscences of certain boyish traits, and byconclusions deduced from his peculiar physical conformationand temperament. His action was alternately vivacious andsullen . His voice varied rapidly from a tremulous indecision(when the animal spirits seemed utterly in abeyance) to thatspecies of energetic concision -- that abrupt, weighty, unhurried,and hollow-sounding enunciation -- that leaden, self- balancedand perfectly modulated guttural utterance, which may beobserved in the lost drunkard, or the irreclaimable eater ofopium, during the periods of his most intense excitement.It was thus that he spoke of the object of my visit, of his earnestdesire to see me, and of the solace he expected me to affordhim. He entered, at some length, into what he conceived to bethe nature of his malady. It was, he said, a constitutional anda family evil , and one for which he despaired to find a remedy-- a mere nervous affection, he immediately added, whichwould undoubtedly soon pass off. It displayed itself in a host132 <strong>fieldston</strong> <strong>american</strong> <strong>reader</strong> <strong>volume</strong> i – <strong>fall</strong> <strong>2007</strong>
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the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
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Inventing An AmericaCrèvecoeur Dis
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I say to you today, my friends, tha
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melodies of the Negro slave; the Am
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31.the encounterand north americasu
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Native American PoetryWHEN SUN CAME
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Pagans and Pilgrims in the Promised
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Reverend Doctor Sepulveda has spoke
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Juan Gines de Sepulveda:“The Grea
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Nathaniel Bacon: Bacon’s Declarat
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The sale of human beings in the mar
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seeking great things for ourselves
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Therefore, let every one that is ou
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frontier village she revised her ea
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Edward Taylor: Poems (1642—I729)L
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The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1
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fly kites and shoot marbles, and to
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Dominie Van Shaick, the village par
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another man. In the midst of his be
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Washington Irving:The Legend of Sle
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a kind of idle gentlemanlike person
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Tassel. In this enterprise, however
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on the top of his nose, for so his
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however, turned upon the favorite s
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the green knoll on which stands the
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so any nation, that discovers an un
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indefatigable measures, the cause o
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their heads on their shoulders inst
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Metacomet Cries Out for RevengeIn t
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Gustavus Vassa: The Interesting Nar
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duct, and guard them from evil. The
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particularly at full moons; general
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that might come upon us; for they s
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size of the finger nail. I was sold
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intolerably loathsome, that it was
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as he instinctively guessed its app
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Document DSource: Articles of Agree
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Next to manners are the exterior gr
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Howard Zinn: Columbus, the Indians,
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Legislatures reflect these interest
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Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
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France is an example. Jefferson had
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to the interior & landed interest,
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The first was to solve the problem
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there against mobs, demagogues, and
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3iv.the early republic: forging ana
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
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employment to industrious individua
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Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
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“As the present crisis of human a
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The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
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Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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equal law must protect, and to viol
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I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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That the following amendments of th
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3v.the disgusting spirit ofequality
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Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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All are needed by each one;Nothing
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a long period continue, to rule is
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The broadest and most prevalent err
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clergyman whose preaching my father
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difference between resisting this a
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similar concern for the conditions
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few years I have been gravely disap
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In the midst of blatant injustices
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about the baby, whom she had hardly
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who, with conjugal affections and m
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a hut, tranquil, if in a crowd. The
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullifi
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operation....The right to secede is
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Worcester v. Georgia and refused to
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effect in point of possession when
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hold the writer maintained with the
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986A narrow Fellow in the GrassOcca
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house.“You done talk too much wid
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Kate Chopin: The StormIThe leaves w
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IVAlcée Laballière wrote to his w
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When the letter reached Desiree she
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Her lip was beginning to tremble, a
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IIITheir eyes met, and she blushed
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een reversed.“Why, how do you do?
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of a juggler tossing knives; but th
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Having deprived her of this first r
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Sojorner Truth: Ain’t I A Woman?S
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Viewpoints of the Mexican WarThe fo
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evolt and sin...”Caleb Atwater, E
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encouraged this ideal of the perfec
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its own territory, with boundaries
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3vi.slavery, sectionalismand secess
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Charles W. Chestnut:The Passing of
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promptness and decision. “He’s
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left the hotel when a long‐haired
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and sent to the penitentiary. I tho
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Necessary Evil to Positive GoodSour
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Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857)The fol
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)I
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DBQ: Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Me
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of the slave-holding system is to d
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“Why, not a cruel man, exactly, b
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Lincoln Denies Racial EqualityInter
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through an unseen multitude.“Ther
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that they intercepted, even for a m
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earded elders of the church have wh
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speak of. What! I have authority, I
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nothing to be shunned in the handso
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summer sun, it was his father’s c
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a human form appeared at intervals,