Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the electivefranchise, thereby leaving her without representation in thehalls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides.He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civillydead.He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wagesshe earns.He has made her, morally, an irresponsible being, as she cancommit many crimes with impunity, provided they be done inthe presence of her husband. In the covenant of marriage, she iscompelled to promise obedience to her husband, he becoming,to all intents and purposes, her master-the law giving him powerto deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement.He has so framed the laws of divorce, as to what shall bethe proper causes, and in case of separation, to whom theguardianship of the children shall be given, as to be whollyregardless of the happiness of women-the law, in all cases,going upon a false supposition of the supremacy of man, andgiving all power into his hands.After depriving her of all rights as a married woman, if single,and the owner of property, he has taxed her to support agovernment which recognizes her only when her property canbe made profitable to it.He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employment, andfrom those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scantyremuneration. He closes against her all the avenues to wealthand distinction which he considers most honorable to himself.As a teacher of theology, medicine or law, she is not known.He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorougheducation, all colleges being closed against her.He allows her in church, as well as state, but a subordinateposition, claiming apostolic authority for her exclusion fromthe ministry, and, with some exceptions, from any publicparticipation in die affairs of the church.He has created a false public sentiment by giving to the worlda different code of morals for men and women, by which moraldelinquencies which exclude women from society, are not onlytolerated, but deemed of little account in man....He has endeavored, in every way that he could, to destroy herconfidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and tomake her willing to lead a dependent and abject life.Now, in view of this entire disfranchisement of one-half thepeople of this country, their social and religious degradation-inview of the unjust laws above mentioned, and because womendo feet themselves aggrieved, oppressed and fraudulentlydeprived of their most sacred rights, we insist that they haveimmediate admission to all the rights and privileges whichbelong to them as citizens of the United States.In entering upon the great work before us, we anticipate no smallamount of misconception, misrepresentation and ridicule; butwe shall use every instrumentality within our power to effectour object. We shall employ agents, circulate tracts, petitionthe state and national legislatures, and endeavor to enlist thepulpit and the press in our behalf.Elizabeth Cady Stanton: AddressDelivered at the Seneca Falls ConventionJuly 19, 1848We have met here today to discuss our rights and wrongs, civiland political, and not, as some have supposed, to go into thedetail of social life alone. We do not propose to petition thelegislature to make our husbands just, generous, and courteous,to seat every man at the head of a cradle, and to clothe everywoman in male attire.None of these points, however important they may beconsidered by leading men, will be touched in this convention.As to their costume, the gentlemen need feel no fear of ourimitating that, for we think it in violation of every principle oftaste, beauty, and dignity; notwithstanding all the contemptcast upon our loose, flowing garments, we still admire thegraceful folds, and consider our costume far more artistic thantheirs. Many of the nobler sex seem to agree with us in thisopinion, for the bishops, priests, judges, barristers, and lordmayors of the first nation on the globe, and the Pope of Rome,with his cardinals, too, all wear the loose flowing robes, thustacitly acknowledging that the male attire is neither dignifiednor imposing.No, we shall not molest you in your philosophical experimentswith stocks, pants, high-heeled boots, and Russian belts. Yoursbe the glory to discover, by personal experience, how long thekneepan can resist the terrible strapping down which youimpose, in how short time the well-developed muscles of thethroat can be reduced to mere threads by the constant pressureof the stock, how high the heel of a boot must be to make ashort man tall, and how tight the Russian belt may be drawnand yet have wind enough left to sustain life.But we are assembled to protest against a form of governmentexisting without the consent of the governed - to declareour right to be free as man is free, to be represented in thegovernment which we are taxed to support, to have such isgraceful laws as give man the power to chastise and imprisonhis wife, to take the wages which she earns, the propertywhich she inherits, and, in case of separation, the childrenof her love; laws which make her the mere dependent on hisbounty. It is to protest against such unjust laws as these thatwe are assembled today, and to have them, if possible, forevererased from our statute books, deeming them a shame anda disgrace to a Christian republic in the nineteenth century.We have met to uplift woman’s <strong>fall</strong>en divinity upon an evenpedestal with man’s. And, strange as it may seem to many, wenow demand our right to vote according to the declaration ofthe government under which we live.267
This right no one pretends to deny. We need not prove ourselvesequal to Daniel Webster to enjoy this privilege, for the ignorantIrishman in the ditch has all the civil rights he has. We neednot prove our muscular power equal to this same Irishmanto enjoy this privilege, for the most tiny, weak, ill-shapedstripling of twenty-one has all the civil rights of the Irishman.We have no objection to discuss the question of equality, forwe feel that the weight of argument lies wholly with us, but wewish the question of equality kept distinct from the question ofrights, for the proof of the one does not determine the truth ofthe other. All white men in this country have the same rights,however they may differ in mind, body, or estate.The right is ours. The question now is: how shall we getpossession of what rightfully belongs to us? We should notfeel so sorely grieved if no man who had not attained thefull stature of a Webster, Clay, Van Buren, or Gerrit Smithcould claim the right of the elective franchise. But to havedrunkards, idiots, horse-racing, rum-selling rowdies, ignorantforeigners, and silly boys fully recognized, while we ourselvesare thrust out from all the rights that belong to citizens, itis too grossly insulting to the dignity of woman to be longerquietly submitted to.The right is ours. Have it, we must. Use it, we will. The pens, thetongues, the fortunes, the indomitable wills of many womenare already pledged to secure this right. The great truth thatno just government can be formed without the consent of thegoverned we shall echo and re-echo in the ears of the unjustjudge, until by continual coming we shall weary himThere seems now to be a kind of moral stagnation in our midst.Philanthropists have done their utmost to rouse the nation toa sense of its sins. War, slavery, drunkenness, licentiousness,gluttony, have been dragged naked before the people, and alltheir abominations and deformities fully brought to light, yetwith idiotic laugh we hug those monsters to our breasts andrush on to destruction. Our churches are multiplying on allsides, our missionary societies, Sunday schools, and prayermeetings and innumerable charitable and reform organizationsare all inoperation, but still the tide of vice is swelling, andthreatens the destruction of everything, and the battlementsof righteousness are weak against the raging elements of sinand death.Verily, the world waits the coming of some new element, somepurifying power, some spirit of mercy and love. The voice ofwoman has been silenced in the state, the church, and the home,but man cannot fulfill his destiny alone, he cannot redeem hisrace unaided. There are deep and tender chords of sympathyand love in the hearts of the down<strong>fall</strong>en and oppressed thatwoman can touch more skillfully than man.because in the degradation of woman the very fountains of lifeare poisoned at their source. It is vain to look for silver and goldfrom mines of copper and lead.It is the wise mother that has the wise son. So long as yourwomen are slaves you may throw your colleges and churchesto the winds. You can’t have scholars and saints so long as yourmothers are ground to powder between the upper and nethermillstone of tyranny and lust. How seldom, now, is a father’spride gratified, his fond hopes realized, in the budding geniusof his son!The wife is degraded, made the mere creature of caprice, andthe foolish son is heaviness to his heart. Truly are the sins ofthe fathers visited upon the children to the third and fourthgeneration. God, in His wisdom, has so linked the wholehuman family together that any violence done at one end ofthe chain is felt throughout its length, and here, too, is the lawof restoration, as in woman all have <strong>fall</strong>en, so in her elevationshall the race be recreated.“Voices” were the visitors and advisers of Joan of Arc. Do not“voices” come to us daily from the haunts of poverty, sorrow,degradation, and despair, already too long unheeded. Now isthe time for the women of this country, if they would saveour free institutions, to defend the right, to buckle on thearmor that can best resist the keenest weapons of the enemy-- contempt and ridicule. The same religious enthusiasm thatnerved Joan of Arc to her work nerves us to ours. In everygeneration God calls some men and women for the utteranceof truth, a heroic action, and our work today is the fulfilling ofwhat has long since been foretold by the Prophet -- Joel 2:28:“And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out myspirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shallprophesy.”We do not expect our path will be strewn with the flowers ofpopular applause, but over the thorns of bigotry and prejudicewill be our way, and on our banners will beat the darkstorm clouds of opposition from those who have entrenchedthemselves behind the stormy bulwarks of custom and authority,and who have fortified their position by every means, holy andunholy. But we will steadfastly abide the result. Unmoved wewill bear it aloft. Undauntedly we will unfurl it to the gale,for we know that the storm cannot rend from it a shred, thatthe electric flash will but more clearly show to us the gloriouswords inscribed upon it,“Equality of Rights”The world has never yet seen a truly great and virtuous nation,268 <strong>fieldston</strong> <strong>american</strong> <strong>reader</strong> <strong>volume</strong> i – <strong>fall</strong> <strong>2007</strong>
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the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
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Inventing An AmericaCrèvecoeur Dis
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I say to you today, my friends, tha
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melodies of the Negro slave; the Am
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31.the encounterand north americasu
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Native American PoetryWHEN SUN CAME
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Pagans and Pilgrims in the Promised
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Reverend Doctor Sepulveda has spoke
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Juan Gines de Sepulveda:“The Grea
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Nathaniel Bacon: Bacon’s Declarat
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The sale of human beings in the mar
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seeking great things for ourselves
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Therefore, let every one that is ou
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frontier village she revised her ea
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Edward Taylor: Poems (1642—I729)L
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The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1
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fly kites and shoot marbles, and to
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Dominie Van Shaick, the village par
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another man. In the midst of his be
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Washington Irving:The Legend of Sle
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a kind of idle gentlemanlike person
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Tassel. In this enterprise, however
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on the top of his nose, for so his
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however, turned upon the favorite s
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the green knoll on which stands the
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so any nation, that discovers an un
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indefatigable measures, the cause o
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their heads on their shoulders inst
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Metacomet Cries Out for RevengeIn t
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Gustavus Vassa: The Interesting Nar
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duct, and guard them from evil. The
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particularly at full moons; general
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that might come upon us; for they s
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size of the finger nail. I was sold
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intolerably loathsome, that it was
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as he instinctively guessed its app
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Document DSource: Articles of Agree
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Next to manners are the exterior gr
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Howard Zinn: Columbus, the Indians,
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same token covet the possessions of
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and culture, to ensnare ordinary pe
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Fire Brand, and putting it into the
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included the Mohawks (People Of the
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It has been tempting to dismiss Jef
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she found herself back in prison. M
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311.the struggle forindependence176
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John Locke: of Civil Government (16
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Daniel Dulany: “Considerations”
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First Continental Congress, Declara
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colonies enabled her to triumph ove
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and America is a strong and natural
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considerable pecuniary resources, b
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He has combined with others to subj
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Mary Beth Norton:Women in the Revol
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testified, so “I was obliged to S
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peace terms. And, tragically, Samue
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not that this glorious threesome ne
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less powerful than the rest, as it
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paramount culture, but to many for
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James Kirby Martin: Protest and Def
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3111.developing a frameworkfor gove
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The Articles of Confederation (1777
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7. Whenever the Confederate Lords s
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Darkness there, and nothing more.De
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Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the Hou
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of unnatural sensations. Some of th
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the full extent, or the earnest aba
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paused; for it appeared to me (alth
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Walt Whitman:Poetry Crossing Brookl
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101 Flow on, river! flow with the f
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41 Nor any more youth or age than t
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136 I am not an earth nor an adjunc
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13225 The negro holds firmly the re
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322 Patriarchs sit at supper with s
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415 And if each and all be aware I
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511 Voices of cycles of preparation
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27611 To be in any form, what is th
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702 Head high in the forehead, wide
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806 I go hunting polar furs and the
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908 Ten o’clock at night, the ful
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1001 I do not ask who you are, that
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1099 Believing I shall come again u
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1200 The great Camerado, the lover
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1294 And as to you Corpse I think y
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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people are impliedly and incidental
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sort of people, who are orderly and
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Charles Beard: The ConstitutionA Mi
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Legislatures reflect these interest
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Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
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France is an example. Jefferson had
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to the interior & landed interest,
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The first was to solve the problem
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there against mobs, demagogues, and
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3iv.the early republic: forging ana
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
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employment to industrious individua
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Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
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“As the present crisis of human a
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The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
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Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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equal law must protect, and to viol
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I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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That the following amendments of th
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3v.the disgusting spirit ofequality
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Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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- Page 254 and 255: Kate Chopin: The StormIThe leaves w
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- Page 266 and 267: of a juggler tossing knives; but th
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