fly kites and shoot marbles, and told them long stories of ghosts,witches, and Indians. Whenever he went dodging about thevillage, he was surrounded by a troop of them, hanging onhis skirts, clambering on his back, and playing a thousandtricks on him with impunity; and not a dog would bark at himthroughout the neighborhood.The great error in Rip’s composition was an insuperable aversionto all kinds of profitable labor. It could not be from the want ofassiduity or perseverance; for he would sit on a wet rock with arod as long and heavy as a Tartar’s lance and fish all day withouta murmur even though he should not be encouraged by a singlenibble. He would carry a fowlingpiece on his shoulder for hourstogether, trudging through woods and swamps and up hill anddown dale, to shoot a few squirrels or wild pigeons. He wouldnever refuse to assist a neighbor, even in the roughest toil, andwas a foremost man at all country frolics for husking Indiancorn, or building stone-fences; the women of the village, too,used to employ him to run their errands and do such little oddjobs as their less obliging husbands would not do for them. Ina word, Rip was ready to attend to anybody’s business but hisown; but as to doing family duty, and keeping his family inorder, he found it impossible.In fact, he declared it was of no use to work on his farm; it wasthe most pestilent little piece of ground in the whole country;every thing about it went wrong, and would go wrong, in spiteof him. His fences were continually <strong>fall</strong>ing to pieces; his cowwould either go astray or get among the cabbages; weeds weresure to grow quicker in his fields than anywhere else; the rainalways made a point of setting in just as he had outdoor workto do; so that though his patrimonial estate had dwindled awayunder his management, acre by acre, until there was little moreleft than a mere patch of Indian corn and potatoes, yet it wasthe worst-conditioned farm in the neighborhood.His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belongedto nobody. His son Rip, an urchin begotten in his own likeness,promised to inherit the habits, with the old clothes of his father.He was generally seen trooping like a colt at his mother’s heels,equipped in a pair of his father’s castoff galligaskins, which hehad much ado to hold up with one hand, as a fine lady does hertrain in bad weather.Rip Van Winkle, however, was one of those happy mortals,of foolish, welloiled dispositions, who take the world easy, eatwhite bread or brown, whichever can be got with least thoughtor trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than work for apound. If left to himself, he would have whistled life away inperfect contentment; but his wife kept continually dinning inhis ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he wasbringing on his family. Morning, noon, and night, her tonguewas incessantly going, and everything he said or did was sure toproduce a torrent of household eloquence. Rip had but one wayof replying to all lectures of that kind, and that, by frequent use,had grown into a habit. He shrugged his shoulders, shook hishead, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. This, however, alwaysprovoked a fresh volley from his wife; so that he was fain todraw off his forces, and take to the outside of the house, theonly side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.Rip’s sole domestic adherent was his dog Wolf, who was as muchhenpecked as his master; for Dame Van Winkle regarded themas companions in idleness, and even looked upon Wolf withan evil eye, as the Cause of his master’s going so often astray.True it is, in all points of spirit befitting an honorable dog, hewas as courageous an animal as ever scoured the wood--butwhat courage can withstand the ever-during and all-besettlingterrors of a woman’s tongue? The moment Wolf entered thehouse his crest fell, his tail drooped to the ground, or curledbetween his legs, he sneaked about with a gallows air, castingmany a sidelong glance at Dame Van Winkle, and at the leastflourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door withyelping precipitation.Times grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as yearsof matrimony rolled on; a tart temper never mellows with age,and a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keenerwith constant use. For a long while he used to console himself,when driven from home, by frequenting a kind of perpetualclub of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages ofthe village, which held its sessions on a bench before a smallinn, designated by a rubicund portrait of His Majesty Georgethe Third. Here they used to sit in the shade through a longlazy summer day, talking listlessly over village gossip, ortelling endless sleepy stories about nothing. But it would havebeen worth any statesman’s money to have heard the profounddiscussions that sometimes took place when, by chance, an oldnewspaper fell into their hands from some passing traveller.How solemnly they would listen to the contents, as drawled outby Derrick Van Bummel, the schoolmaster, a dapper, learnedlittle man, who was not to be daunted by the most giganticword in the dictionary; and how sagely they would deliberateupon public events some months after they had taken place.The opinions of this junto were completely controlled byNicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord ofthe inn, at the door of which he took his seat from morningtill night, just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun and keep inthe shade of a large tree; so that the neighbors could tell thehour by his movements as accurately as by a sun-dial. It is truehe was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipe incessantly.His adherents, however (for every great man has his adherents),perfectly understood him and knew how to gather his opinions.When anything that was read or related displeased him, he wasobserved to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short,frequent, and angry puffs; but when pleased, he would inhale35
the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placidclouds; and sometimes, taking the pipe from his mouth, andletting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose, would gravelynod his head in token of perfect approbation.From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at lengthrouted by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break inupon the tranquility of the assemblage and call the membersall to naught; nor was that august personage, Nicholas Vedderhimself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago,who charged him outright with encouraging her husband inhabits of idleness.Poor Rip was at last reduced almost to despair; and hisonly alternative, to escape from the labor of the farm andclamor of his wife, was to take gun in hand and stroll awayinto the woods. Here he would sometimes seat himself at thefoot of a tree and share the contents of his wallet with Wolf,with whom he sympathized as a fellow-sufferer in persecution.“Poor Wolf,” he would say, “thy mistress leads thee a dog’s lifeof it; but never mind, my lad, whilst I live thou shalt neverwant a friend to stand by thee!” Wolf would wag his tail, lookwistfully in his master’s face, and if dogs can feel pity, I verilybelieve he reciprocated the sentiment with all his heart.In a long ramble of the kind on a fine autumnal day, Rip hadunconsciously scrambled to one of the highest parts of theKaatskill Mountains. He was after his favorite sport of squirrelshooting, and the still solitudes had echoed and reechoed withthe reports of his gun. Panting and fatigued, he threw himself,late in the afternoon, on a green knoll, covered with mountainherbage, that crowned the brow of a precipice. From an openingbetween the trees he could overlook all the lower country formany a mile of rich woodland. He saw at a distance the lordlyHudson, far, far below him, moving on its silent but majesticcourse, with the reflection of a purple cloud, or the sail of alagging bark, here and there sleeping on its glassy bosom, andat last losing itself in the blue highlands.On the other side he looked down into a deep mountain glen,wild, lonely, and shagged, the bottom filled with fragmentsfrom the impending cliffs and scarcely lighted by the reflectedrays of the setting sun. For some time Rip lay musing on thisscene; evening was gradually advancing; the mountains beganto throw their long blue shadows over the valleys; he saw thatit would be dark long before he could reach the village, andhe heaved a heavy sigh when he thought of encountering theterrors of Dame Van Winkle.As he was about to descend, he heard a voice from a distance,hallooing, “Rip Van Winkle! Rip Van Winkle!” He lookedround, but could see nothing but a crow winging its solitaryflight across the mountain. He thought his fancy must havedeceived him, and turned again to descend, when he heard thesame cry ring through the still evening air; “Rip Van Winkle!Rip Van Winkle! “At the same time Wolf bristled up his back,and giving a low growl, skulked to his master’s side, lookingfearfully down into the glen. Rip now felt a vague apprehensionstealing over him; he looked anxiously in the same direction,and perceived a strange figure slowly toiling up the rocks, andbending under the weight of something he carried on his back.He was surprised to see any human being in this lonely andunfrequented place; but supposing it to be someone of theneighborhood in need of his assistance, he hastened down toyield it.On nearer approach he was still more surprised at the singularityof the stranger’s appearance. He was a short, square-built oldfellow, with thick bushy hair, and a grizzled beard. His dresswas of the antique Dutch fashion -- a cloth jerkin strappedround the waist, several pair of breeches, the outer one ofample <strong>volume</strong>, decorated with rows of buttons down the sides,and bunches at the knees. He bore on his shoulder a stout keg,that seemed full of liquor, and made signs for Rip to approachand assist him with the load. Though rather shy and distrustfulof this new acquaintance, Rip complied with his usual alacrity;and mutually relieving one another, they clambered up anarrow gully, apparently the dry bed of a mountain torrent. Asthey ascended, Rip every now and then heard long rolling peals,like distant thunder, that seemed to issue out of a deep ravine,or rather cleft, between lofty rocks, toward which their ruggedpath conducted. He paused for an instant, but supposing it tobe the muttering of one of those transient thunder-showerswhich often take place in mountain heights, he proceeded.Passing through the ravine, they came to a hollow like a smallamphitheatre, surrounded by perpendicular precipices, overthe brinks of which impending trees shot their branches, sothat you only caught glimpses of the azure sky and the brightevening cloud. During the whole time Rip and his companionhad labored on in silence; for though the former marvelledgreatly what could be the object of carrying a keg of liquorup this wild mountain, yet there was something strange andincomprehensible about the unknown, that inspired awe andchecked familiarity.On entering the amphitheatre, new objects of wonder presentedthemselves. On a level spot in the center was a company of oddlookingpersonages playing at ninepins. They were dressed ina quaint outlandish fashion; some wore short doublets, othersjerkins, with long knives in their belts, and most of them hadenormous breeches of similar style with that of the guide’s. Theirvisages, too, were peculiar: one had a large beard, broad face,and small piggish eyes: the face of another seemed to consistentirely of nose, and was surmounted by a white sugarloafhat, set off with a little red cock’s tail. They all had beards, ofvarious shapes and colors. There was one who seemed to bethe commander. He was a stout old gentleman, with a weatherbeatencountenance; he wore a laced doublet, broad belt andhanger, high-crowned hat and feather, red stockings, and highheeledshoes, with roses in them. The whole group remindedRip of the figures in an old Flemish painting in the parlor of36 <strong>fieldston</strong> <strong>american</strong> <strong>reader</strong> <strong>volume</strong> i – <strong>fall</strong> <strong>2007</strong>
- Page 4 and 5: the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
- Page 6 and 7: Inventing An AmericaCrèvecoeur Dis
- Page 8 and 9: I say to you today, my friends, tha
- Page 10 and 11: melodies of the Negro slave; the Am
- Page 12 and 13: 31.the encounterand north americasu
- Page 14 and 15: Native American PoetryWHEN SUN CAME
- Page 16 and 17: Pagans and Pilgrims in the Promised
- Page 18 and 19: Reverend Doctor Sepulveda has spoke
- Page 20 and 21: Juan Gines de Sepulveda:“The Grea
- Page 22 and 23: Nathaniel Bacon: Bacon’s Declarat
- Page 24 and 25: The sale of human beings in the mar
- Page 26 and 27: seeking great things for ourselves
- Page 28 and 29: Therefore, let every one that is ou
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- Page 32 and 33: Edward Taylor: Poems (1642—I729)L
- Page 34 and 35: The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1
- Page 38 and 39: Dominie Van Shaick, the village par
- Page 40 and 41: another man. In the midst of his be
- Page 42 and 43: Washington Irving:The Legend of Sle
- Page 44 and 45: a kind of idle gentlemanlike person
- Page 46 and 47: Tassel. In this enterprise, however
- Page 48 and 49: on the top of his nose, for so his
- Page 50 and 51: however, turned upon the favorite s
- Page 52 and 53: the green knoll on which stands the
- Page 54 and 55: so any nation, that discovers an un
- Page 56 and 57: indefatigable measures, the cause o
- Page 58 and 59: their heads on their shoulders inst
- Page 60 and 61: Metacomet Cries Out for RevengeIn t
- Page 62 and 63: Gustavus Vassa: The Interesting Nar
- Page 64 and 65: duct, and guard them from evil. The
- Page 66 and 67: particularly at full moons; general
- Page 68 and 69: that might come upon us; for they s
- Page 70 and 71: size of the finger nail. I was sold
- Page 72 and 73: intolerably loathsome, that it was
- Page 74 and 75: as he instinctively guessed its app
- Page 76 and 77: Document DSource: Articles of Agree
- Page 78 and 79: Next to manners are the exterior gr
- Page 80 and 81: Howard Zinn: Columbus, the Indians,
- Page 82 and 83: same token covet the possessions of
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Fire Brand, and putting it into the
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included the Mohawks (People Of the
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It has been tempting to dismiss Jef
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she found herself back in prison. M
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311.the struggle forindependence176
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John Locke: of Civil Government (16
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Daniel Dulany: “Considerations”
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First Continental Congress, Declara
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colonies enabled her to triumph ove
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and America is a strong and natural
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considerable pecuniary resources, b
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He has combined with others to subj
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Mary Beth Norton:Women in the Revol
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testified, so “I was obliged to S
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peace terms. And, tragically, Samue
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not that this glorious threesome ne
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less powerful than the rest, as it
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paramount culture, but to many for
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James Kirby Martin: Protest and Def
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3111.developing a frameworkfor gove
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The Articles of Confederation (1777
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7. Whenever the Confederate Lords s
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Darkness there, and nothing more.De
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Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the Hou
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of unnatural sensations. Some of th
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the full extent, or the earnest aba
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paused; for it appeared to me (alth
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Walt Whitman:Poetry Crossing Brookl
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101 Flow on, river! flow with the f
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41 Nor any more youth or age than t
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136 I am not an earth nor an adjunc
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13225 The negro holds firmly the re
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322 Patriarchs sit at supper with s
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415 And if each and all be aware I
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511 Voices of cycles of preparation
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27611 To be in any form, what is th
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702 Head high in the forehead, wide
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806 I go hunting polar furs and the
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908 Ten o’clock at night, the ful
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1001 I do not ask who you are, that
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1099 Believing I shall come again u
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1200 The great Camerado, the lover
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1294 And as to you Corpse I think y
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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people are impliedly and incidental
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sort of people, who are orderly and
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Charles Beard: The ConstitutionA Mi
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Legislatures reflect these interest
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Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
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France is an example. Jefferson had
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to the interior & landed interest,
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The first was to solve the problem
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there against mobs, demagogues, and
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3iv.the early republic: forging ana
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
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employment to industrious individua
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Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
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“As the present crisis of human a
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The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
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Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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equal law must protect, and to viol
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I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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That the following amendments of th
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3v.the disgusting spirit ofequality
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Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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All are needed by each one;Nothing
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a long period continue, to rule is
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The broadest and most prevalent err
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clergyman whose preaching my father
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difference between resisting this a
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similar concern for the conditions
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few years I have been gravely disap
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In the midst of blatant injustices
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about the baby, whom she had hardly
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who, with conjugal affections and m
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a hut, tranquil, if in a crowd. The
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullifi
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operation....The right to secede is
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Worcester v. Georgia and refused to
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effect in point of possession when
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hold the writer maintained with the
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986A narrow Fellow in the GrassOcca
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house.“You done talk too much wid
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Kate Chopin: The StormIThe leaves w
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IVAlcée Laballière wrote to his w
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When the letter reached Desiree she
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Her lip was beginning to tremble, a
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IIITheir eyes met, and she blushed
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een reversed.“Why, how do you do?
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of a juggler tossing knives; but th
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Having deprived her of this first r
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Sojorner Truth: Ain’t I A Woman?S
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Viewpoints of the Mexican WarThe fo
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evolt and sin...”Caleb Atwater, E
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encouraged this ideal of the perfec
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its own territory, with boundaries
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3vi.slavery, sectionalismand secess
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Charles W. Chestnut:The Passing of
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promptness and decision. “He’s
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left the hotel when a long‐haired
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and sent to the penitentiary. I tho
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Necessary Evil to Positive GoodSour
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Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857)The fol
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)I
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DBQ: Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Me
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of the slave-holding system is to d
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“Why, not a cruel man, exactly, b
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Lincoln Denies Racial EqualityInter
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through an unseen multitude.“Ther
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that they intercepted, even for a m
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earded elders of the church have wh
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speak of. What! I have authority, I
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nothing to be shunned in the handso
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summer sun, it was his father’s c
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a human form appeared at intervals,