fieldston american reader volume i â fall 2007 - Ethical Culture ...

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people are impliedly and incidentally relinquished to rulers, asnecessarily inseparable from the delegated powers...This is the question. If you intend to reserve your unalienablerights, you must have the most express stipulation; for, ifimplication be allowed, you are ousted of those rights. If thepeople do not think it necessary to reserve them, they will besupposed to be given up.[W]ithout a Bill of Rights, you will exhibit the most absurdthing to mankind that ever the world saw a government [i.e.state governments] that has abandoned all its powers - thepowers of taxation, the sword, and the purse. You have disposedof them to Congress, without a Bill of Rights - without check,limitation, or control... You have Bill of Rights to defendagainst a state government, which is bereaved of all its power,and yet you have none against Congress, thought in full andexclusive possession of all power!Document-Based Question -The Constitution:A Democratic Document?Historians traditionally depicted the framers of the Constitutionas great liberals, defenders of the rights of man, and the creatorsof a democratic society. But beginning in the early 20th century,revisionists began to challenge this view of the framers. Somehistorians, led by Charles Beard argued that the ConstitutionalConvention was dominated by an elite and that the Constitutionitself is an instrument written to protect elite interests. As youexamine the following primary source documents consider what itindicates about the framers - were they democrats or elitists?As you read the following documents, pay close attention to what isbeing said and how each document might be used to defend or refutethe following statement. Be sure to note the source of each document- often who is speaking is as important as what is being said.The Constitution was an undemocratic document designedto protect a minority of wealthy men from the potentialtyranny of the masses.You may defend this statement, refute this statement, or defend it inpart and refute it in part.Document ASource: Constitution, Article I, sections 2 and 3The House of Representatives shall be composed of Memberschosen every second year by the People of the Several States.The Senate of the United States shall be composed by twosenators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof, forsix years, and each senator shall have one vote.Document BSource: Constitution, Article I, section 9No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: Andno person holding any office of Profit or Trust under them,shall, without the consent of Congress, accept of any present,Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatsoever, from anyKing, Prince, or foreign states.Document CSource: Constitution, Article IV, section 4The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union175
a Republican form of government, and shall protect each ofthem against invasion; and on Application of the Legislature,or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened)against domestic violence.Document DSource: Constitution, Article VI, section 9[N]o religious test shall ever be required as a Qualification toany office of public Trust under the United States.Document ESource: Constitution, Article II, section 1The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the UnitedStates of America. He shall hold his office during the Term offour years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen forthe same term, be elected, as follows:Each state shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislaturethereof may direct, a Number of electors, equal to the wholeNumber of Senators and Representatives to which the Statemay be entitled in the Congress... The electors shall meet intheir respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons... theVotes shall be counted. The Person having the greatest numberof votes shall be President, if such a number shall be a majorityof the whole number of electors appointed...Document FSource: Constitution, Article I, section 2Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned tothe several states which may be included within this union,according to their respective numbers, which shall bedetermined by adding to the whole number of free persons,including those bound to service for a number of years, andexcluding Indians not taxed, and three-fifths of all otherpersons.Document GSource: Constitution, Article IV, section 2No person held to Service or Labor in one state, under the lawsthereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of anyLaw or Regulation therein, be discharged from such serviceor labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party towhom such service or labor may be due.Document HSource: Constitution, Article III, section 1The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in oneSupreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congressmay time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both ofthe Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their officesduring good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive fortheir services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminishedduring their Continuance in office.Document ISource: Constitution, Article I, section 9The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended,unless when in classes of rebellion or invasion the public safetymay require it.No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.No capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, unless inproportion to the Census or Enumeration herein beforedirected to be taken.No tax or duty shall be laid on Articles exported from anystate.Document JSource: Gouverneur MorrisThe time is not distant, when this country shall abound withmechanics [artisans] and manufacturers [industrial workers]who will receive bread from their employers. Will such men bethe secure and faithful guardians of liberty?... Children do notvote. Why? Because they want [lack] prudence, because theyhave no will of their own. The ignorant and dependent can beas little trusted with the public interest.Document KSource: Constitution, Article I, section 8The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect Taxes,duties, and imposts, to pay the debts and provide for thecommon defence...To regulate commerce with foreign nations...To coin money, regulate the value thereof...To raise and support Armies...To provide for the calling forth of the militia to executethe Laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repelinvasions...Document LSource: John JayThe natural aristocracy...are defenders of the worthy, the better176 fieldston american reader volume i – fall 2007
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the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
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Inventing An AmericaCrèvecoeur Dis
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I say to you today, my friends, tha
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melodies of the Negro slave; the Am
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31.the encounterand north americasu
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Native American PoetryWHEN SUN CAME
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Pagans and Pilgrims in the Promised
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Reverend Doctor Sepulveda has spoke
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Juan Gines de Sepulveda:“The Grea
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Nathaniel Bacon: Bacon’s Declarat
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The sale of human beings in the mar
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seeking great things for ourselves
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Therefore, let every one that is ou
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frontier village she revised her ea
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Edward Taylor: Poems (1642—I729)L
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The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1
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fly kites and shoot marbles, and to
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Dominie Van Shaick, the village par
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another man. In the midst of his be
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Washington Irving:The Legend of Sle
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a kind of idle gentlemanlike person
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Tassel. In this enterprise, however
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on the top of his nose, for so his
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however, turned upon the favorite s
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the green knoll on which stands the
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so any nation, that discovers an un
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indefatigable measures, the cause o
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their heads on their shoulders inst
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Metacomet Cries Out for RevengeIn t
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Gustavus Vassa: The Interesting Nar
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duct, and guard them from evil. The
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particularly at full moons; general
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that might come upon us; for they s
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size of the finger nail. I was sold
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intolerably loathsome, that it was
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as he instinctively guessed its app
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Document DSource: Articles of Agree
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Next to manners are the exterior gr
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Howard Zinn: Columbus, the Indians,
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same token covet the possessions of
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and culture, to ensnare ordinary pe
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Fire Brand, and putting it into the
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included the Mohawks (People Of the
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It has been tempting to dismiss Jef
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she found herself back in prison. M
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311.the struggle forindependence176
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John Locke: of Civil Government (16
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Daniel Dulany: “Considerations”
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First Continental Congress, Declara
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colonies enabled her to triumph ove
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and America is a strong and natural
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considerable pecuniary resources, b
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He has combined with others to subj
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Mary Beth Norton:Women in the Revol
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testified, so “I was obliged to S
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peace terms. And, tragically, Samue
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not that this glorious threesome ne
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less powerful than the rest, as it
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paramount culture, but to many for
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James Kirby Martin: Protest and Def
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3111.developing a frameworkfor gove
Page 126 and 127: The Articles of Confederation (1777
Page 128 and 129: 7. Whenever the Confederate Lords s
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Page 132 and 133: Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the Hou
Page 134 and 135: of unnatural sensations. Some of th
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Page 138 and 139: paused; for it appeared to me (alth
Page 140 and 141: Walt Whitman:Poetry Crossing Brookl
Page 142 and 143: 101 Flow on, river! flow with the f
Page 144 and 145: 41 Nor any more youth or age than t
Page 146 and 147: 136 I am not an earth nor an adjunc
Page 148 and 149: 13225 The negro holds firmly the re
Page 150 and 151: 322 Patriarchs sit at supper with s
Page 152 and 153: 415 And if each and all be aware I
Page 154 and 155: 511 Voices of cycles of preparation
Page 156 and 157: 27611 To be in any form, what is th
Page 158 and 159: 702 Head high in the forehead, wide
Page 160 and 161: 806 I go hunting polar furs and the
Page 162 and 163: 908 Ten o’clock at night, the ful
Page 164 and 165: 1001 I do not ask who you are, that
Page 166 and 167: 1099 Believing I shall come again u
Page 168 and 169: 1200 The great Camerado, the lover
Page 170 and 171: 1294 And as to you Corpse I think y
Page 172 and 173: James Madison:The Federalist Papers
Page 174 and 175: James Madison:The Federalist Papers
Page 178 and 179: sort of people, who are orderly and
Page 180 and 181: Charles Beard: The ConstitutionA Mi
Page 182 and 183: Legislatures reflect these interest
Page 184 and 185: Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
Page 186 and 187: France is an example. Jefferson had
Page 188 and 189: to the interior & landed interest,
Page 190 and 191: The first was to solve the problem
Page 192 and 193: there against mobs, demagogues, and
Page 194 and 195: 3iv.the early republic: forging ana
Page 196 and 197: Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
Page 198 and 199: employment to industrious individua
Page 200 and 201: Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
Page 202 and 203: “As the present crisis of human a
Page 204 and 205: The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
Page 206 and 207: Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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Page 210 and 211: I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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Page 216 and 217: Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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Page 224 and 225: clergyman whose preaching my father
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difference between resisting this a
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similar concern for the conditions
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few years I have been gravely disap
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In the midst of blatant injustices
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about the baby, whom she had hardly
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who, with conjugal affections and m
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a hut, tranquil, if in a crowd. The
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullifi
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operation....The right to secede is
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Worcester v. Georgia and refused to
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effect in point of possession when
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hold the writer maintained with the
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986A narrow Fellow in the GrassOcca
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house.“You done talk too much wid
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Kate Chopin: The StormIThe leaves w
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IVAlcée Laballière wrote to his w
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When the letter reached Desiree she
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Her lip was beginning to tremble, a
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IIITheir eyes met, and she blushed
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een reversed.“Why, how do you do?
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of a juggler tossing knives; but th
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Having deprived her of this first r
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Sojorner Truth: Ain’t I A Woman?S
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Viewpoints of the Mexican WarThe fo
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evolt and sin...”Caleb Atwater, E
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encouraged this ideal of the perfec
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its own territory, with boundaries
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3vi.slavery, sectionalismand secess
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Charles W. Chestnut:The Passing of
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promptness and decision. “He’s
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left the hotel when a long‐haired
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and sent to the penitentiary. I tho
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Necessary Evil to Positive GoodSour
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Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857)The fol
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)I
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DBQ: Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Me
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of the slave-holding system is to d
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“Why, not a cruel man, exactly, b
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Lincoln Denies Racial EqualityInter
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through an unseen multitude.“Ther
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that they intercepted, even for a m
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earded elders of the church have wh
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speak of. What! I have authority, I
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nothing to be shunned in the handso
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summer sun, it was his father’s c
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a human form appeared at intervals,
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