however, turned upon the favorite spectre of Sleepy Hollow,the headless horseman, who had been heard several times oflate, patrolling the country; and, it was said, tethered his horsenightly among the graves in the church-yard.The sequestered situation of this church seems always tohave made it a favorite haunt of troubled spirits. It stands on aknoll, surrounded by locust-trees and lofty elms, from amongwhich its decent whitewashed walls shine modestly forth, likeChristian purity beaming through the shades of retirement. Agentle slope descends from it to a silver sheet of water, borderedby high trees, between which, peeps may be caught at theblue hills of the Hudson. To look upon its grass-grown yard,where the sunbeams seem to sleep so quietly, one would thinkthat there at least the dead might rest in peace. On one sideof the church extends a wide woody dell, along which ravesa large brook among broken rocks and trunks of <strong>fall</strong>en trees.Over a deep black part of the stream, not far from the church,was formerly thrown a wooden bridge; the road that led toit, and the bridge itself, were thickly shaded by overhangingtrees, which cast a gloom about it, even in the daytime; butoccasioned a fearful darkness at night. This was one of thefavorite haunts of the headless horseman; and the place wherehe was most frequently encountered. The tale was told of oldBrouwer, a most heretical disbeliever in ghosts, how he met thehorseman returning from his foray into Sleepy Hollow, andwas obliged to get up behind him; how they galloped over bushand brake, over hill and swamp, until they reached the bridge;when the horseman suddenly turned into a skeleton, threw oldBrouwer into the brook, and sprang away over the tree-topswith a clap of thunder.This story was immediately matched by a thrice marvellousadventure of Brom Bones, who made light of the gallopingHessian as an arrant jockey. He affirmed that, on returningone night from the neighboring village of Sing Sing, he hadbeen overtaken by this midnight trooper; that he had offeredto race with him for a bowl of punch, and should have won ittoo, for Daredevil beat the goblin horse all hollow, but, justas they came to the church bridge, the Hessian bolted, andvanished in a flash of fire.All these tales, told in that drowsy undertone with whichmen talk in the dark, the countenances of the listeners onlynow and then receiving a casual gleam from the glare of a pipe,sank deep in the mind of Ichabod. He repaid them in kindwith large extracts from his invaluable author, Cotton Mather,and added many marvellous events that had taken place in hisnative State of Connecticut, and fearful sights which he hadseen in his nightly walks about Sleepy Hollow.The revel now gradually broke up. The old farmers gatheredtogether their families in their wagons, and were heardfor some time rattling along the hollow roads, and over thedistant hills. Some of the damsels mounted on pillionsbehind their favorite swains, and their light-hearted laughter,mingling with the clatter of hoofs, echoed along the silentwoodlands, sounding fainter and fainter until they graduallydied away- and the late scene of noise and frolic was all silentand deserted. Ichabod only lingered behind, according to thecustom of country lovers, to have a tete-a-tete with the heiress,fully convinced that he was now on the high road to success.What passed at this interview I will not pretend to say, forin fact I do not know. Something, however, I fear me, musthave gone wrong, for he certainly sallied forth, after no verygreat interval, with an air quite desolate and chap<strong>fall</strong>en.- Ohthese women! these women! Could that girl have been playingoff any of her coquettish tricks?- Was her encouragement ofthe poor pedagogue all a mere sham to secure her conquestof his rival?- Heaven only knows, not I!- Let it suffice to say,Ichabod stole forth with the air of one who had been sackinga henroost, rather than a fair lady’s heart. Without looking tothe right or left to notice the scene of rural wealth, on whichhe had so often gloated, he went straight to the stable, andwith several hearty cuffs and kicks, roused his steed mostuncourteously from the comfortable quarters in which he wassoundly sleeping, dreaming of mountains of corn and oats, andwhole valleys of timothy and clover.It was the very witching time of night that Ichabod, heavyheartedand crest-<strong>fall</strong>en, pursued his travel homewards, alongthe sides of the lofty hills which rise above Tarry Town, andwhich he had traversed so cheerily in the afternoon. The hourwas as dismal as himself. Far below him, the Tappan Zee spreadits dusky and indistinct waste of waters, with here and therethe tall mast of a sloop, riding quietly at anchor under the land.In the dead hush of midnight, he could even hear the barkingof the watch dog from the opposite shore of the Hudson; butit was so vague and faint as only to give an idea of his distancefrom this faithful companion of man. Now and then, too, thelong-drawn crowing of a cock, accidentally awakened, wouldsound far, far off, from some farm-house away among the hillsbutit was like a dreaming sound in his ear. No signs of lifeoccurred near him, but occasionally the melancholy chirp ofa cricket, or perhaps the guttural twang of a bullfrog, from aneighboring marsh, as if sleeping uncomfortably, and turningsuddenly in his bed.All the stories of ghosts and goblins that he had heard in theafternoon, now came crowding upon his recollection. The nightgrew darker and darker; the stars seemed to sink deeper in thesky, and driving clouds occasionally hid them from his sight.He had never felt so lonely and dismayed. He was, moreover,approaching the very place where many of the scenes of theghost stories had been laid. In the centre of the road stoodan enormous tulip-tree, which towered like a giant above allthe other trees of the neighborhood, and formed a kind oflandmark. Its limbs were gnarled, and fantastic, large enough49
to form trunks for ordinary trees, twisting down almost to theearth, and rising again into the air. It was connected with thetragical story of the unfortunate Andre, who had been takenprisoner hard by; and was universally known by the name ofMajor Andre’s tree. The common people regarded it with amixture of respect and superstition, partly out of sympathy forthe fate of its ill-starred namesake, and partly from the tales ofstrange sights and doleful lamentations told concerning it.As Ichabod approached this fearful tree, he began to whistle:he thought his whistle was answered- it was but a blastsweeping sharply through the dry branches. As he approacheda little nearer, he thought he saw something white, hanging inthe midst of the tree- he paused and ceased whistling; but onlooking more narrowly, perceived that it was a place where thetree had been scathed by lightning, and the white wood laidbare. Suddenly he heard a groan- his teeth chattered and hisknees smote against the saddle: it was but the rubbing of onehuge bough upon another, as they were swayed about by thebreeze. He passed the tree in safety, but new perils lay beforehim.About two hundred yards from the tree a small brook crossedthe road, and ran into a marshy and thickly-wooded glen,known by the name of Wiley’s swamp. A few rough logs, laidside by side, served for a bridge over this stream. On that sideof the road where the brook entered the wood, a group of oaksand chestnuts, matted thick with wild grape-vines, threw acavernous gloom over it. To pass this bridge was the severesttrial. It was at this identical spot that the unfortunate Andrewas captured, and under the covert of those chestnuts and vineswere the sturdy yeomen concealed who surprised him. This hasever since been considered a haunted stream, and fearful arethe feelings of the schoolboy who has to pass it alone afterdark.As he approached the stream his heart began to thump; hesummoned up, however, all his resolution, gave his horse half ascore of kicks in the ribs, and attempted to dash briskly acrossthe bridge; but instead of starting forward, the perverse oldanimal made a lateral movement, and ran broadside againstthe fence. Ichabod, whose fears increased with the delay, jerkedthe reins on the other side, and kicked lustily with the contraryfoot: it was all in vain; his steed started, it is true, but it wasonly to plunge to the opposite side of the road into a thicketof brambles and alder bushes. The schoolmaster now bestowedboth whip and heel upon the starveling ribs of old Gunpowder,who dashed forward, snuffling and snorting, but came to astand just by the bridge, with a suddenness that had nearlysent his rider sprawling over his head. Just at this moment asplashy tramp by the side of the bridge caught the sensitive earof Ichabod. In the dark shadow of the grove, on the margin ofthe brook, he beheld something huge, misshapen, black andtowering. It stirred not, but seemed gathered up in the gloom,like some gigantic monster ready to spring upon the traveller.The hair of the affrighted pedagogue rose upon his head withterror. What was to be done? To turn and fly was now too late;and besides, what chance was there of escaping ghost or goblin,if such it was, which could ride upon the wings of the wind?Summoning up, therefore, a show of courage, he demandedin stammering accents- “Who are you?” He received no reply.He repeated his demand in a still more agitated voice. Stillthere was no answer. Once more he cudgelled the sides of theinflexible Gunpowder, and, shutting his eyes, broke forth withinvoluntary fervor into a psalm tune. Just then the shadowyobject of alarm put itself in motion, and, with a scramble anda bound, stood at once in the middle of the road. Thoughthe night was dark and dismal, yet the form of the unknownmight now in some degree be ascertained. He appeared to be ahorseman of large dimensions, and mounted on a black horse ofpowerful frame. He made no offer of molestation or sociability,but kept aloof on one side of the road, jogging along on theblind side of old Gunpowder, who had now got over his frightand waywardness.Ichabod, who had no relish for this strange midnightcompanion, and bethought himself of the adventure of BromBones with the Galloping Hessian, now quickened his steed, inhopes of leaving him behind. The stranger, however, quickenedhis horse to an equal pace. Ichabod pulled up, and fell into awalk, thinking to lag behind- the other did the same. His heartbegan to sink within him; he endeavored to resume his psalmtune, but his parched tongue clove to the roof of his mouth, andhe could not utter a stave. There was something in the moodyand dogged silence of this pertinacious companion, that wasmysterious and appalling. It was soon fearfully accounted for.On mounting a rising ground, which brought the figure of hisfellow-traveller in relief against the sky, gigantic in height, andmuffled in a cloak, Ichabod was horror-struck, on perceivingthat he was headless!- but his horror was still more increased,on observing that the head, which should have rested on hisshoulders, was carried before him on the pommel of the saddle:his terror rose to desperation; he rained a shower of kicks andblows upon Gunpowder, hoping by a sudden movement, togive his companion the slip- but the spectre started full jumpwith him. Away then they dashed, through thick and thin;stones flying, and sparks flashing at every bound. Ichabod’sflimsy garments fluttered in the air, as he stretched his longlank body away over his horse’s head, in the eagerness of hisflight.They had now reached the road which turns off to SleepyHollow; but Gunpowder, who seemed possessed with a demon,instead of keeping up it, made an opposite turn, and plungedheadlong down hill to the left. This road leads through a sandyhollow, shaded by trees for about a quarter of a mile, where itcrosses the bridge famous in goblin story, and just beyond swells50 <strong>fieldston</strong> <strong>american</strong> <strong>reader</strong> <strong>volume</strong> i – <strong>fall</strong> <strong>2007</strong>
- Page 4 and 5: the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
- Page 6 and 7: Inventing An AmericaCrèvecoeur Dis
- Page 8 and 9: I say to you today, my friends, tha
- Page 10 and 11: melodies of the Negro slave; the Am
- Page 12 and 13: 31.the encounterand north americasu
- Page 14 and 15: Native American PoetryWHEN SUN CAME
- Page 16 and 17: Pagans and Pilgrims in the Promised
- Page 18 and 19: Reverend Doctor Sepulveda has spoke
- Page 20 and 21: Juan Gines de Sepulveda:“The Grea
- Page 22 and 23: Nathaniel Bacon: Bacon’s Declarat
- Page 24 and 25: The sale of human beings in the mar
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- Page 28 and 29: Therefore, let every one that is ou
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- Page 32 and 33: Edward Taylor: Poems (1642—I729)L
- Page 34 and 35: The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1
- Page 36 and 37: fly kites and shoot marbles, and to
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- Page 40 and 41: another man. In the midst of his be
- Page 42 and 43: Washington Irving:The Legend of Sle
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- Page 46 and 47: Tassel. In this enterprise, however
- Page 48 and 49: on the top of his nose, for so his
- Page 52 and 53: the green knoll on which stands the
- Page 54 and 55: so any nation, that discovers an un
- Page 56 and 57: indefatigable measures, the cause o
- Page 58 and 59: their heads on their shoulders inst
- Page 60 and 61: Metacomet Cries Out for RevengeIn t
- Page 62 and 63: Gustavus Vassa: The Interesting Nar
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- Page 66 and 67: particularly at full moons; general
- Page 68 and 69: that might come upon us; for they s
- Page 70 and 71: size of the finger nail. I was sold
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- Page 76 and 77: Document DSource: Articles of Agree
- Page 78 and 79: Next to manners are the exterior gr
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- Page 82 and 83: same token covet the possessions of
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- Page 88 and 89: included the Mohawks (People Of the
- Page 90 and 91: It has been tempting to dismiss Jef
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- Page 94 and 95: 311.the struggle forindependence176
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First Continental Congress, Declara
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colonies enabled her to triumph ove
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and America is a strong and natural
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considerable pecuniary resources, b
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He has combined with others to subj
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Mary Beth Norton:Women in the Revol
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testified, so “I was obliged to S
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peace terms. And, tragically, Samue
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not that this glorious threesome ne
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less powerful than the rest, as it
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paramount culture, but to many for
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James Kirby Martin: Protest and Def
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3111.developing a frameworkfor gove
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The Articles of Confederation (1777
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7. Whenever the Confederate Lords s
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Darkness there, and nothing more.De
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Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the Hou
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of unnatural sensations. Some of th
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the full extent, or the earnest aba
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paused; for it appeared to me (alth
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Walt Whitman:Poetry Crossing Brookl
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101 Flow on, river! flow with the f
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41 Nor any more youth or age than t
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136 I am not an earth nor an adjunc
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13225 The negro holds firmly the re
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322 Patriarchs sit at supper with s
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415 And if each and all be aware I
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511 Voices of cycles of preparation
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27611 To be in any form, what is th
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702 Head high in the forehead, wide
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806 I go hunting polar furs and the
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908 Ten o’clock at night, the ful
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1001 I do not ask who you are, that
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1099 Believing I shall come again u
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1200 The great Camerado, the lover
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1294 And as to you Corpse I think y
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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people are impliedly and incidental
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sort of people, who are orderly and
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Charles Beard: The ConstitutionA Mi
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Legislatures reflect these interest
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Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
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France is an example. Jefferson had
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to the interior & landed interest,
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The first was to solve the problem
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there against mobs, demagogues, and
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3iv.the early republic: forging ana
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
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employment to industrious individua
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Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
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“As the present crisis of human a
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The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
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Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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equal law must protect, and to viol
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I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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That the following amendments of th
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3v.the disgusting spirit ofequality
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Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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All are needed by each one;Nothing
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a long period continue, to rule is
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The broadest and most prevalent err
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clergyman whose preaching my father
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difference between resisting this a
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similar concern for the conditions
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few years I have been gravely disap
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In the midst of blatant injustices
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about the baby, whom she had hardly
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who, with conjugal affections and m
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a hut, tranquil, if in a crowd. The
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullifi
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operation....The right to secede is
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Worcester v. Georgia and refused to
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effect in point of possession when
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hold the writer maintained with the
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986A narrow Fellow in the GrassOcca
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house.“You done talk too much wid
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Kate Chopin: The StormIThe leaves w
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IVAlcée Laballière wrote to his w
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When the letter reached Desiree she
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Her lip was beginning to tremble, a
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IIITheir eyes met, and she blushed
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een reversed.“Why, how do you do?
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of a juggler tossing knives; but th
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Having deprived her of this first r
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Sojorner Truth: Ain’t I A Woman?S
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Viewpoints of the Mexican WarThe fo
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evolt and sin...”Caleb Atwater, E
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encouraged this ideal of the perfec
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its own territory, with boundaries
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3vi.slavery, sectionalismand secess
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Charles W. Chestnut:The Passing of
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promptness and decision. “He’s
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left the hotel when a long‐haired
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and sent to the penitentiary. I tho
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Necessary Evil to Positive GoodSour
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Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857)The fol
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)I
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DBQ: Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Me
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of the slave-holding system is to d
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“Why, not a cruel man, exactly, b
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Lincoln Denies Racial EqualityInter
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through an unseen multitude.“Ther
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that they intercepted, even for a m
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earded elders of the church have wh
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speak of. What! I have authority, I
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nothing to be shunned in the handso
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summer sun, it was his father’s c
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a human form appeared at intervals,