size of the finger nail. I was sold here for one hundred andseventy-two of them, by a merchant who lived and brought methere. I had been about two or three days at his house, when awealthy widow, a neighbor of his, came there one evening, andbrought with her an only son, a young gentleman about myown age and size. Here they saw me; and having taken a fancyto me, I was bought of the merchant, and went home withthem. Her house and premises were situated close to one ofthose rivulets I have mentioned, and were the finest I ever sawin Africa: they were very extensive, and she had a number ofslaves to attend her. The next day I was washed and perfumed,and when meal time came, I was led into the presence of mymistress, and ate and drank before her with her son. This filledme with astonishment; and I could scarce help expressingmy surprise that the young gentleman should suffer me, whowas bound, to eat with him who was free; and not only so butthat he would not at any time either eat or drink till I hadtaken first, because I was the eldest, which was agreeable toour custom. Indeed, everything here, and all their treatment ofme, made me forget that I was a slave. The language of thesepeople resembled ours so nearly, that we understood each otherperfectly. They had also the same customs as we. There werelikewise slaves daily to attend us, while my young master and I,with other boys, sported with our darts and bows and arrows,as I had been used to do at home. In this resemblance to myformer happy state, I passed about two months; and I nowbegan to think I was to be adopted into the family, and wasbeginning to be reconciled to my situation, and to forget bydegrees my misfortunes, when all at once the delusion vanished;for, without the least previous knowledge, one morning early,while my dear master and companion was still asleep, I wasawakened out of my reverie to fresh sorrow, and hurried awayeven amongst the uncircumcised.Thus at the very moment I dreamed of the greatest happiness,I found myself most miserable; and it seemed as if fortunewished to give me this taste of joy only to render the reversemore poignant.—The change I now experienced, was as painfulas it was sudden and unexpected. It was a change indeed, froma state of bliss to a scene which is inexpressible by me, as itdiscovered to me an element I had never before beheld, and tillthen had no idea of, and wherein such instances of hardshipand cruelty occurred, as I can never reflect on but with horror.All the nations and people I had hitherto passed through,resembled our own in their manners, customs and language;but I came at length to a country, the inhabitants of whichdiffered from us in all those particulars. I was very much struckwith this difference, especially when I came among a peoplewho did not circumcise, and ate without washing their hands.They cooked also in iron pots, and had European cutlassesand cross bows, which were unknown to us, and fought withtheir fists among themselves. Their women were not so modestas ours, for they ate and drank, and slept with their men.But, above all, I was amazed to see no sacrifices or offeringsamong them. In some of these places the people ornamentedthemselves with scars, and likewise filed their teeth very sharp.They wanted sometimes to ornament me in the same manner,but I would not suffer them; hoping that I might some timebe among a people who did not thus disfigure themselves,as I thought they did. At last I came to the banks of a largeriver which was covered with canoes, in which the peopleappeared to live with their household utensils, and provisionsof all kinds. I was beyond measure astonished at this, as I hadnever before seen any water larger than a pond or a rivulet: andmy surprise was mingled with no small fear when I was putinto one of these canoes, and we began to paddle and movealong the river. We continued going on thus till night, whenwe came to land, and made fires on the banks, each family bythemselves; some dragged their canoes on shore, others stayedand cooked in theirs, and laid in them all night. Those on theland had mats, of which they made tents, some in the shapeof little houses; in these we slept; and after the morning meal,we embarked again and proceeded as before. I was often verymuch astonished to see some of the women, as well as the men,jump into the water, dive to the bottom, come up again, andswim about.—Thus I continued to travel, sometimes by land.sometimes by water, through different countries and variousnations, till, at the end of six or seven months after I had beenkidnapped, I arrived at the sea coast. It would be tedious anduninteresting to relate all the incidents which befell me duringthis journey, and which I have not yet forgotten; of the varioushands I passed through, and the manners and customs of allthe different people among whom I lived. I shall thereforeonly observe, that in all the places where I was, the soil wasexceedingly rich; the pumpkins, eadas, plaintains, yams, etc.,were in great abundance, and of incredible size. There werealso vast quantities of different gums, though not used for anypurpose, and every where a great deal of tobacco. The cottoneven grew quite wild, and there was plenty of red-wood. I sawno mechanics whatever in all the way, except such as I havementioned. The chief employment in all these countries wasagriculture, and both the males and females, as with us, werebrought up to it, and trained in the arts of war.The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on thecoast, was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then ridingat anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me withastonishment, which was soon converted into terror, when Iwas carried on board. I was immediately handled, and tossedup to see if I were sound, by some of the crew; and I was nowpersuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and thatthey were going to kill me. Their complexions, too, differing somuch from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke,(which was very different from any I had ever heard) unitedto confirm me in this belief. Indeed, such were the horrors69
of my views and fears at the moment, that, if ten thousandworlds had been my own, I would have freely parted with themall to have exchanged my condition with that of the meanestslave in my own country. When I looked round the ship too,and saw a large furnace of copper boiling, and a multitude ofblack people of every description chained together, every oneof their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, I nolonger doubted of my fate; and quite overpowered with horrorand anguish, I fell motionless on the deck and fainted. WhenI recovered a little, I found some black people about me, whoI believed were some of those who had brought me on board,and had been receiving their pay; they talked to me in orderto cheer me, but all in vain. I asked them if we were not to beeaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces andlong hair. They told me I was not: and one of the crew broughtme a small portion of spirituous liquor in a wine glass, but,being afraid of him, I would not take it out of his hand. One ofthe blacks, therefore, took it from him and gave it to me, and Itook a little down my palate, which, instead of reviving me, asthey thought it would, threw me into the greatest consternationat the strange feeling it produced, having never tasted any suchliquor before. Soon after this, the blacks who brought me onboard went off, and left me abandoned to despair.I now saw myself deprived of all chance of returning to mynative country, or even the least glimpse of hope of gaining theshore, which I now considered as friendly; and I even wishedfor my former slavery in preference to my present situation,which was filled with horrors of every kind, still heightened bymy ignorance of what I was to undergo. I was not long sufferedto indulge my grief, I was soon put down under the decks,and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I hadnever experienced in my life: so that, with the loathsomenessof the stench and crying together, I became so sick and lowthat I was not able to eat, nor had I the least desire to tasteany thing. I now wished for the last friend, death, to relieveme; but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered meeatables; and, on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fastby the hands, and laid me across, I think the windlass, andtied my feet, while the other flogged me severely. I had neverexperienced any thing of this kind before, and although notbeing used to the water, I naturally feared that element thefirst time I saw it, yet, nevertheless, could I have got over thenettings, I would have jumped over the side, but I could not;and besides, the crew used to watch us very closely who werenot chained down to the decks, lest we should leap into thewater; and I have seen some of these poor African prisonersmost severely cut, for attempting to do so, and hourly whippedfor not eating. This indeed was often the case with myself. In alittle time after, amongst the poor chained men, I found someof my own nation, which in a small degree gave ease to mymind. I inquired of these what was to be done with us? Theygave me to understand, we were to be carried to these whitepeople’s country to work for them. I then was a little revived,and thought, if it were no worse than working, my situationwas not so desperate; but still I feared I should be put to death,the white people looked and acted, as I thought, in so savage amanner; for I had never seen among any people such instancesof brutal cruelty; and this not only shown towards us blacks,but also to some of the whites themselves. One white manin particular I saw, when we were permitted to be on deck,flogged so unmercifully with a large rope near the foremast,that he died in consequence of it; and they tossed him over theside as they would have done a brute. This made me fear thesepeople the more; and I expected nothing less than to be treatedin the same manner. I could not help expressing my fears andapprehensions to some of my countrymen; I asked them ifthese people had no country, but lived in this hollow place? (theship) they told me they did not, but came from a distant one.“Then,” said I, “how comes it in all our country we never heardof them?” They told me because they lived so very far off. I thenasked where were their women? had they any like themselves?I was told they had. “And why,” said I, “do we not see them?”They answered, because they were left behind. I asked how thevessel could go? they told me they could not tell; but that therewas cloth put upon the masts by the help of the ropes I saw,and then the vessel went on; and the white men had some spellor magic they put in the water when they liked in order tostop the vessel. I was exceedingly amazed at this account, andreally thought they were spirits. I therefore wished much to befrom amongst them, for I expected they would sacrifice me;but my wishes were vain, for we were so quartered that it wasimpossible for any of us to make our escape.While we stayed on the coast I was mostly on deck; and one day,to my great astonishment, I saw one of these vessels coming inwith the sails up. As soon as the whites saw it, they gave a greatshout, at which we were amazed; and the more so, as the vesselappeared larger by approaching nearer. At last, she came to ananchor in my sight, and when the anchor was let go, I and mycountrymen who saw it, were lost in astonishment to observethe vessel stop, and were now convinced it was done by magic.Soon after this the other ship got her boats out, and they cameon board of us, and the people of both ships seemed very gladto see each other.—Several of the strangers also shook handswith us black people, and made motions with their hands,signifying, I suppose, we were to go to their country, but wedid not understand them.At last, when the ship was loaded with all her cargo, they madeready with many fearful noises, and we were all putunder deck, so that we could not see how they managed thevessel. But this disappointment was the least of my sorrow.The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so70 <strong>fieldston</strong> <strong>american</strong> <strong>reader</strong> <strong>volume</strong> i – <strong>fall</strong> <strong>2007</strong>
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the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
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Inventing An AmericaCrèvecoeur Dis
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I say to you today, my friends, tha
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melodies of the Negro slave; the Am
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31.the encounterand north americasu
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Native American PoetryWHEN SUN CAME
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Pagans and Pilgrims in the Promised
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Reverend Doctor Sepulveda has spoke
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- Page 34 and 35: The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1
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- Page 42 and 43: Washington Irving:The Legend of Sle
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- Page 50 and 51: however, turned upon the favorite s
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- Page 54 and 55: so any nation, that discovers an un
- Page 56 and 57: indefatigable measures, the cause o
- Page 58 and 59: their heads on their shoulders inst
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- Page 62 and 63: Gustavus Vassa: The Interesting Nar
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- Page 66 and 67: particularly at full moons; general
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- Page 74 and 75: as he instinctively guessed its app
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- Page 88 and 89: included the Mohawks (People Of the
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- Page 94 and 95: 311.the struggle forindependence176
- Page 96 and 97: John Locke: of Civil Government (16
- Page 98 and 99: Daniel Dulany: “Considerations”
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- Page 114 and 115: peace terms. And, tragically, Samue
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paramount culture, but to many for
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James Kirby Martin: Protest and Def
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3111.developing a frameworkfor gove
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The Articles of Confederation (1777
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7. Whenever the Confederate Lords s
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Darkness there, and nothing more.De
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Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the Hou
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of unnatural sensations. Some of th
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the full extent, or the earnest aba
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paused; for it appeared to me (alth
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Walt Whitman:Poetry Crossing Brookl
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101 Flow on, river! flow with the f
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41 Nor any more youth or age than t
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136 I am not an earth nor an adjunc
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13225 The negro holds firmly the re
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322 Patriarchs sit at supper with s
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415 And if each and all be aware I
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511 Voices of cycles of preparation
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27611 To be in any form, what is th
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702 Head high in the forehead, wide
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806 I go hunting polar furs and the
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908 Ten o’clock at night, the ful
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1001 I do not ask who you are, that
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1099 Believing I shall come again u
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1200 The great Camerado, the lover
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1294 And as to you Corpse I think y
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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people are impliedly and incidental
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sort of people, who are orderly and
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Charles Beard: The ConstitutionA Mi
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Legislatures reflect these interest
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Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
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France is an example. Jefferson had
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to the interior & landed interest,
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The first was to solve the problem
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there against mobs, demagogues, and
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3iv.the early republic: forging ana
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
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employment to industrious individua
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Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
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“As the present crisis of human a
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The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
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Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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equal law must protect, and to viol
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I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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That the following amendments of th
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3v.the disgusting spirit ofequality
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Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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All are needed by each one;Nothing
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a long period continue, to rule is
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The broadest and most prevalent err
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clergyman whose preaching my father
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difference between resisting this a
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similar concern for the conditions
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few years I have been gravely disap
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In the midst of blatant injustices
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about the baby, whom she had hardly
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who, with conjugal affections and m
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a hut, tranquil, if in a crowd. The
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullifi
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operation....The right to secede is
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Worcester v. Georgia and refused to
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effect in point of possession when
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hold the writer maintained with the
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986A narrow Fellow in the GrassOcca
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house.“You done talk too much wid
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Kate Chopin: The StormIThe leaves w
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IVAlcée Laballière wrote to his w
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When the letter reached Desiree she
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Her lip was beginning to tremble, a
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IIITheir eyes met, and she blushed
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een reversed.“Why, how do you do?
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of a juggler tossing knives; but th
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Having deprived her of this first r
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Sojorner Truth: Ain’t I A Woman?S
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Viewpoints of the Mexican WarThe fo
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evolt and sin...”Caleb Atwater, E
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encouraged this ideal of the perfec
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its own territory, with boundaries
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3vi.slavery, sectionalismand secess
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Charles W. Chestnut:The Passing of
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promptness and decision. “He’s
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left the hotel when a long‐haired
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and sent to the penitentiary. I tho
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Necessary Evil to Positive GoodSour
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Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857)The fol
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)I
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DBQ: Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Me
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of the slave-holding system is to d
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“Why, not a cruel man, exactly, b
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Lincoln Denies Racial EqualityInter
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through an unseen multitude.“Ther
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that they intercepted, even for a m
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earded elders of the church have wh
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speak of. What! I have authority, I
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nothing to be shunned in the handso
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summer sun, it was his father’s c
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a human form appeared at intervals,