and sent to the penitentiary. I thought you wanted me to doit.”“Why, Dick Owens!” she exclaimed. “You know I neverdreamed of any such outrageous proceeding.“But I presume I’ll have to marry you,” she concluded, aftersome insistence on Dick’s part, if only to take care of you. Youare too reckless for anything; and a man who goes chasing allover the North, being entertained by New York and Bostonsociety and having negroes to throw away, needs some one tolook after him.”One last glimpse he caught of his vanishing property, as hestood, accompanied by a United States marshal, on a wharf ata port on the south shore of Lake Erie. On the stern of a smallsteamboat which was receding rapidly from the wharf, withnose pointing toward Canada, there stood a group of familiardark faces, and the look they cast backward was not one oflonging for the fleshpots of Egypt. The colonel saw Grandisonpoint him out to one of the crew of the vessel, who waved hishand derisively toward the colonel. The latter shook his fistimpotently—and the incident was closed.“It’s a most remarkable dining,” replied Dick fervency, “that yourview corresponds exactly with my profoundest convictions. Itproves beyond question that we were made for one another.”They were married three weeks later. As each of them had justreturned from journey, they spent their honeymoon at home.A week after the wedding they were seated, one afternoon,on the piazza of the colonel’s house, where Dick had takenhis bride, when a negro from the yard ran down the lane andthrew open the big gate for the colonel’s buggy to enter. Thecolonel was not alone. Beside him, ragged and travel‐stained,bowed with wan. ness, and upon his face a haggard look chattold of hardship and privation, sat lost Grandison.The colonel alighted at the steps.About three weeks after Grandison’s return the colonel’sfaith in sable humanity was rudely shaken, and its foundationalmost broken up. He came near losing his belief in the fidelityof the negro to his master,—the servile virtue most highlyprized and most sedulously cultivated by the colonel and hiskind. One Monday morning Grandison was missing. And notonly Grandison, but his wife, Betty the maid; his mother, auntEunice; his father, uncle Ike; his brothers, Tom and John, andhis little sister Elsie, were likewise absent from the plantation;and a hurried search and inquiry in the neighborhood resultedin no information as to their whereabouts. So much valuableproperty could not be lost without an effort to recover it, andthe wholesale nature of the transaction carried consternation tothe hearts of those whose ledgers were chiefly bound in black.Extremely energetic measures were taken by the colonel andhis friends. The fugitives were traced and followed from pointto point, on their northward run through Ohio. Several timesthe hunters were close upon their heels, but the magnitude ofthe escaping party begot unusual vigilance on the part of thosewho sympathized with the fugitives, and strangely enough, theunderground railroad seemed to have had its tracks cleared andsignals set for this particular train. Once, twice, the colonelthought he had them, but they slipped through his fingers.287
Charles Ball: Slave Testimony (1858)For forty years, Charles Ball toiled as a slave in Maryland, SouthCarolina, and Georgia, and, according to his autobiography,managed to escape twice. In the following selection, he describes theregimen on a tobacco plantation.In Maryland and Virginia, although the slaves are treated withso much rigour, and oftimes with so much cruelty, I have seeninstances of the greatest tenderness of feeling on the part oftheir owners. 1, myself, had three masters in Maryland, andI cannot say now, even after having resided so many yearsin a state where slavery is not tolerated, that either of them(except the last, who sold me to the Georgians, and was anunfeeling man,) used me worse than they had a moral rightto do, regarding me merely as an article of property, and notentitled to any rights as a man, political or civil. My mistresses,in Maryland, were all good women; and the mistress of mywife, in whose kitchen I spent my Sundays and many of mynights, for several years, was a lady of most benevolent andkindly feelings. She was a true friend to me, and I shall alwaysvenerate her memory....If the proprietors of the soil in Maryland and Virginia, wereskillful cultivators-had their lands in good condition-and keptno more slaves on each estate, than would be sufficient to workthe soil in a proper manner. and kept up the repairs of the placethecondition of the coloured people would not be, by anymeans, a comparatively unhappy one. I am convinced, that innine cases in ten, the hardships and suffering of the colouredpopulation of lower Virginia, are attributable to the povertyand distress of its owners. In many instances, an estate scarcelyyields enough to feed and clothe the slaves in a comfortablemanner, without allowing any thing for the support of themaster and family; but it is obvious, that the family mustfirst be supported, and the slaves must be content with thesurplus-and this, on A poor, old, worn out tobacco plantation,is often very small, and wholly inadequate to the comfortablesustenance of the hands, and they are called. There, in manyplaces, nothing is allowed to the poor Negro, but his peck ofcorn per week, without the sauce of a salt herring, or even alittle salt itself...The general features of slavery are the same every where; butthe unrest rigour of the system, is only to be met with, on thecotton plantations of Carolina and Georgia, or in the rice fieldswhich skirt the deep swamps and morasses of the southernrivers. In the tobacco fields of Maryland and Virginia, greatcruelties are practiced-not so frequently by the owners, asby the overseers of the slaves; but yet, the tasks are not soexcessive as in the cotton region, nor is the press of labour soincessant throughout the year. It is true, that from the periodwhen the tobacco plants are set in the field, there is no restingtime until it is housed; but it is planted out about the 9th ofMay, and must be cut and taken out of the field before the frostcomes. After it is hung and dried, the labor of stripping andpreparing it for the hogshead in leaf, or of manufacturing itinto twist, is comparatively a work of leisure and ease. Besides,on almost every plantation the hands are able to completethe work of preparing the tobacco by January, and sometimesearlier; so that the winter months, form some sort of respitefrom the cold of the year. The people are obliged, it is true, tooccupy themselves in cutting wood for the house, building andrepairing fences, and in clearing new land, to raise the tobaccoplants for the next year; but as there is usually time enough,and to spare, for the completion of all this work, before theseason arrives for setting the plants in the field; the men areseldom flogged much, unless they are very lazy or negligent,and the women are allowed to remain in the house, in the verycold, snowy, or rainy weather....In Maryland I never knew a mistress or a young mistress, whowould not listen to the complaints of the slaves. It is true, wewere always obliged to approach the door of the mansion, withour hats in our hands, and the most subdued and beseechinglanguage in our mouths-but, in return, we generally receivedwords of kindness, and very often a redress of our grievances;though I have known very great ladies, who would never grantany request from the plantation hands, but always refilledthem and their petitions to their master, under a pretence, thatthey could not meddle with things that did not belong to thehouse. The mistresses of the great families, generally gavemild language to the slaves; though they sometimes sent forthe overseer and have them severely flogged; but I have neverheard any mistress, in either Maryland or Virginia, indulgein the low, vulgar and profane vituperations, of which I wasmyself the object, in Georgia. for many years, whenever Icame into the presence of my mistress. Flogging-though oftensevere and excruciating in Maryland, is not practiced withthe order, regularity and system to which it is often reducedin the South. On the Potomac, if a slave gives offence, heis generally chastised on the spot, in the field where he isat work, as the overseer always carried a whip-sometimes atwisted cow-hide sometimes a kind of horse-whip, and veryoften a simple hickory switch or gad, cut in the adjoiningwoods. For stealing meat, or other provisions, or for any of thehigher offences, the slaves are stripped, tied up by the handssometimes by the thumbs-and whipped at the quarter-butmany times, on a large tobacco plantation, there is no morethan one of these regular whippings in a week while on others,where the master happens to be a bad man, or a drunkard-theback of the unhappy Maryland slaves, is seamed with scarsfrom his neck to his hips.288 <strong>fieldston</strong> <strong>american</strong> <strong>reader</strong> <strong>volume</strong> i – <strong>fall</strong> <strong>2007</strong>
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the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
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Inventing An AmericaCrèvecoeur Dis
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I say to you today, my friends, tha
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melodies of the Negro slave; the Am
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31.the encounterand north americasu
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Native American PoetryWHEN SUN CAME
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Pagans and Pilgrims in the Promised
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Reverend Doctor Sepulveda has spoke
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Juan Gines de Sepulveda:“The Grea
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Nathaniel Bacon: Bacon’s Declarat
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The sale of human beings in the mar
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seeking great things for ourselves
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Therefore, let every one that is ou
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frontier village she revised her ea
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Edward Taylor: Poems (1642—I729)L
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The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1
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fly kites and shoot marbles, and to
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Dominie Van Shaick, the village par
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another man. In the midst of his be
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Washington Irving:The Legend of Sle
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a kind of idle gentlemanlike person
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Tassel. In this enterprise, however
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on the top of his nose, for so his
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however, turned upon the favorite s
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the green knoll on which stands the
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so any nation, that discovers an un
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indefatigable measures, the cause o
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their heads on their shoulders inst
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Metacomet Cries Out for RevengeIn t
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Gustavus Vassa: The Interesting Nar
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duct, and guard them from evil. The
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particularly at full moons; general
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that might come upon us; for they s
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size of the finger nail. I was sold
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intolerably loathsome, that it was
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as he instinctively guessed its app
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Document DSource: Articles of Agree
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Next to manners are the exterior gr
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Howard Zinn: Columbus, the Indians,
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same token covet the possessions of
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and culture, to ensnare ordinary pe
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Fire Brand, and putting it into the
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included the Mohawks (People Of the
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It has been tempting to dismiss Jef
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she found herself back in prison. M
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311.the struggle forindependence176
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John Locke: of Civil Government (16
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Daniel Dulany: “Considerations”
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First Continental Congress, Declara
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colonies enabled her to triumph ove
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and America is a strong and natural
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considerable pecuniary resources, b
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He has combined with others to subj
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Mary Beth Norton:Women in the Revol
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testified, so “I was obliged to S
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peace terms. And, tragically, Samue
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not that this glorious threesome ne
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less powerful than the rest, as it
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paramount culture, but to many for
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James Kirby Martin: Protest and Def
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3111.developing a frameworkfor gove
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The Articles of Confederation (1777
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7. Whenever the Confederate Lords s
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Darkness there, and nothing more.De
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Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the Hou
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of unnatural sensations. Some of th
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the full extent, or the earnest aba
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paused; for it appeared to me (alth
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Walt Whitman:Poetry Crossing Brookl
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101 Flow on, river! flow with the f
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41 Nor any more youth or age than t
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136 I am not an earth nor an adjunc
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13225 The negro holds firmly the re
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322 Patriarchs sit at supper with s
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415 And if each and all be aware I
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511 Voices of cycles of preparation
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27611 To be in any form, what is th
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702 Head high in the forehead, wide
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806 I go hunting polar furs and the
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908 Ten o’clock at night, the ful
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1001 I do not ask who you are, that
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1099 Believing I shall come again u
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1200 The great Camerado, the lover
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1294 And as to you Corpse I think y
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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people are impliedly and incidental
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sort of people, who are orderly and
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Charles Beard: The ConstitutionA Mi
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Legislatures reflect these interest
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Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
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France is an example. Jefferson had
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to the interior & landed interest,
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The first was to solve the problem
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there against mobs, demagogues, and
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3iv.the early republic: forging ana
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
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employment to industrious individua
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Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
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“As the present crisis of human a
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The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
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Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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equal law must protect, and to viol
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I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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That the following amendments of th
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3v.the disgusting spirit ofequality
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Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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All are needed by each one;Nothing
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a long period continue, to rule is
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The broadest and most prevalent err
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clergyman whose preaching my father
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difference between resisting this a
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similar concern for the conditions
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few years I have been gravely disap
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In the midst of blatant injustices
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about the baby, whom she had hardly
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who, with conjugal affections and m
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