another man. In the midst of his bewilderment, the man in thecocked hat demanded who he was, and what was his name.“God knows,” exclaimed he, at wit’s end; “I’m not myself. I’msomebody else. That’s me yonder. No, that’s somebody elsegot into my shoes. I was myself last night, but I fell asleep onthe mountain, and they’ve changed my gun, and everything’schanged, and I’m changed, and I can’t tell what’s my name, orwho I am!”The bystanders began now to look at each other, nod, wink significantly,and tap their fingers against their foreheads. Therewas a whisper, also, about securing the gun and keeping theold fellow from doing mischief, at the very suggestion of whichthe self-important man in the cocked hat retired with someprecipitation. At this critical moment a fresh, comely womanpressed through the throng to get a peep at the gray-beardedman. She had a chubby child in her arms, which, frightened athis looks, began to cry. “Hush, Rip,” cried she, “hush, you littlefool; the old man won’t hurt you.The name of the child, the air of the mother, and tone of hervoice, all awakened a train of recollections in his mind. Whatis your name, my good woman?” asked he.“Judith Gardenier.”“And your father’s name?”“Ah, poor man, Rip Van Winkle was his name, but it’s twentyyears since he went away from home with his gun, and neverhas been heard of since. His dog came home without him; butwhether he shot himself, or was carried away by the Indians,nobody can tell. I was then but a little girl.”Rip had but one question more to ask; but he put it with afaltering voice, “Where’s your mother?”“Oh, she too died but a short time since; she broke a bloodvessel in a fit of passion at a New England peddler.”There was a drop of comfort, at least, in this intelligence. Thehonest man could contain himself no longer. He caught hisdaughter and her child in his arms. “I am your father!” criedhe. “Young Rip Van Winkle once--old Rip Van Winkle now!Does nobody know poor Rip Van Winkle. All stood amazeduntil an old woman, tottering out from among the crowd, puther hand to her brow, and peering under it in his face for amoment, exclaimed, “Sure enough! it is Rip Van Winkle. Itis himself! Welcome home again, old neighbor. Why, wherehave you been these twenty long years?”Rip’s story was soon told, for the whole twenty years hadbeen to him but as one night. The neighbors stared when theyheard it; some were seen to wink at each other and put theirtongues in their cheeks; and the self-important man in thecocked hat,who, when the alarm was over, had returned to thefield, screwed down the corners of his mouth and shook hishead—upon which there was a general shaking of the headthroughout the assemblage.It was determined, however, to take the opinion of old PeterVanderdonk, who was seen slowly advancing up the road. Hewas a descendant of the historian of that name, who wrote ofthe earliest accounts of the province. Peter was the most ancientinhabitant of the village and well versed in all the wonderfulevents and traditions of the neighborhood. He recollected Ripat once and corroborated his story in the most satisfactorymanner. He assured the company that it was a fact, handeddown from his ancestor the historian, that the Kaatskill Mountainshad always been haunted by strange beings. That it wasaffirmed that the great Hendrick Hudson, the first discovererof the river and country, kept a kind of vigil there every twentyyears with his crew of the Half Moon; being permitted in thisway to revisit the scenes of his enterprise and keep a guardianeye upon the river and the great city called by his name. Thathis father had once seen them in their old Dutch dressesplaying at ninepins in a hollow of the mountain; and that hehimself had heard, one summer afternoon, the sound of theirballs, like distant peals of thunder.To make a long story short, the company broke up and returnedto the more important concerns of the election. Rip’s daughtertook him home to live with her; she had a snug, well-furnishedhouse, and a stout, cheery farmer for a husband, whom Riprecollected for one of the urchins that used to climb upon hisback. As to Rip’s son and heir, who was the ditto of himself,seen leaning against the tree, he was employed to work onthe farm, but evinced an hereditary disposition to attend toanything else but his business.Rip now resumed his old walks and habits; he soon foundmany of his former cronies, though all rather the worse forwear and tear of time, and preferred making friends amongthe rising generation, with whom he soon grew into greatfavor. Having nothing to do at home, and being arrived atthat happy age when a man can be idle with impunity, hetook his place once more on the bench at the inn door andwas reverenced as one of the patriarchs of the village and achronicler of the old times “before the war.” It was some timebefore he could get into the regular track of gossip or could bemade to comprehend the strange events that had taken placeduring his torpor. How that there had been a revolutionarywar, that the country had thrown off the yoke of old England,and that, instead of being a subject of His Majesty Georgethe Third, he was now a free citizen of the United States. Rip,in fact, was no politician; the changes of states and empiresmade but little impression on him, but there was one speciesof despotism under which he had long groaned, and that waspetticoat government. Happily that was at an end; he had gothis neck out of the yoke of matrimony, and could go in and outwhenever he pleased without dreading the tyranny of DameVan Winkle. Whenever her name was mentioned, however, he39
shook his head, shrugged his shoulders, and cast up his eyes;which might pass either for an expression of resignation to hisfate, or joy at his deliverance.He used to tell his story to every stranger that arrived at Mr.Doolittle’s hotel. He was observed, at first, to vary on somepoints every time he told it, which was doubtless owing to hishaving so recently awaked. It at last settled down precisely tothe tale I have related, and not a man, woman, or child in theneighborhood but knew it by heart. Some always pretendedto doubt the reality of it, and insisted that Rip had been outof his head, and that this was one point on which he alwaysremained flighty. The old Dutch inhabitants, however, almostuniversally gave it full credit. Even to this day they never heara thunderstorm of a summer afternoon about the Kaatskill, butthey say Hendrick Hudson and his crew are at their game ofninepins; and it is a common wish of all henpecked husbands inthe neighborhood, when life hangs heavy on their hands, thatthey might have a quieting draught out of Rip Van Winkle’sflagon.NoteThe foregoing Tale, one would suspect, had been suggested to Mr.Knickerbocker by a little German superstition about the EmperorFrederick der Rothbart, and the Kypphauser mountain: thesubjoined note, however, which he had appended to the tale, showsthat it is an absolute fact, narrated with his usual fidelity.‘The story of Rip Van Winkle may seem incredible to many, butnevertheless I give it my full belief, for I know the vicinity of our oldDutch settlements to have been very subject to marvellous eventsand appearances. Indeed, I have heard many stranger stories thanthis, in the villages along the Hudson, all of which were too wellauthenticated to admit of a doubt. I have even talked with Rip VanWinkle myself who, when last I saw him, was a very venerableold man, and so perfectly rational and consistent on every otherpoint, that I think no conscientious person could refuse to take thisinto the bargain; nay, I have seen a certificate on the subject takenbefore a country justice and signed with a cross, in the justice’s ownhandwriting. The story, therefore, is beyond the possibility of doubt.“D. K.”ruled by an old squaw spirit, said to be their mother. She dwelt onthe highest peak of the Catskills, and had charge of the doors of dayand night to open and shut them at the proper hour. She hung up thenew moons in the skies, and cut up the old ones into stars. In times ofdrought, if properly propitiated, she would spin light summer cloudsout of cobwebs and morning dew, and send them off from the crestof the mountain, flake by flake, like flakes of carded cotton, to floatin the air; until, dissolved by the heat of the sun, they would <strong>fall</strong> ingentle showers, causing the grass to spring, the fruits to ripen, andthe corn to grow an inch an hour. If displeased, however, she wouldbrew up clouds black as ink, sitting in the midst of them like a bottlebelliedspider in the midst of its web; and when these clouds broke,woe betide the valleys!In old times, say the Indian traditions, there was a kind of Manitouor Spirit, who kept about the wildest recesses of the CatskillMountains, and took a mischievous pleasure in wreaking all kindsof evils upon the red men. Sometimes he would assume the form of abear, a panther, or a deer, lead the bewildered hunter a weary chasethrough tangled forests and among ragged rocks; and then spring offwith a loud ho! ho! leaving him aghast on the brink of a beetlingprecipice or raging torrent.The favorite abode of this Manitou is still shown. It is a great rock orcliff on the loneliest part of the mountains, and, from the floweringvines which clamber about it, and the wild flowers which aboundin its neighborhood, is known by the name of the Garden Rock. Nearthe foot of it is a small cliff. The Indians held this place in great awe,insomuch that the boldest hunter would not pursue his game withinits precincts. Once upon a time, however, a hunter who had lost hisway, penetrated to the Garden Rock, where he beheld a number ofgourds placed in the crotches of trees. One of these he seized and madeoff with it, but in the hurry of his retreat he let it <strong>fall</strong> among therocks, when a great stream gushed forth, which washed him awayand swept him down precipices, where he was dashed to pieces, andthe stream made its way to the Hudson, and continues to flow to thepresent day; being the identical stream known by the name of theKaaters Kill.Rip Van WinklePostscriptThe following are travelling notes from a memorandum-book of Mr.Knickerbocker.The Kaatsberg, or Catskill Mountains, have always been a regionfull of fable. The Indians considered them the abode of spirits, whoinfluenced the weather, spreading sunshine or clouds over thelandscape, and sending good or bad hunting-seasons. They were40 <strong>fieldston</strong> <strong>american</strong> <strong>reader</strong> <strong>volume</strong> i – <strong>fall</strong> <strong>2007</strong>
- Page 4 and 5: the federalist papers #51 (1787)...
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It has been tempting to dismiss Jef
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she found herself back in prison. M
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311.the struggle forindependence176
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John Locke: of Civil Government (16
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Daniel Dulany: “Considerations”
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First Continental Congress, Declara
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colonies enabled her to triumph ove
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and America is a strong and natural
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considerable pecuniary resources, b
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He has combined with others to subj
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Mary Beth Norton:Women in the Revol
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testified, so “I was obliged to S
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peace terms. And, tragically, Samue
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not that this glorious threesome ne
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less powerful than the rest, as it
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paramount culture, but to many for
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James Kirby Martin: Protest and Def
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3111.developing a frameworkfor gove
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The Articles of Confederation (1777
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7. Whenever the Confederate Lords s
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Darkness there, and nothing more.De
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Edgar Allen Poe:The Fall of the Hou
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of unnatural sensations. Some of th
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the full extent, or the earnest aba
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paused; for it appeared to me (alth
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Walt Whitman:Poetry Crossing Brookl
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101 Flow on, river! flow with the f
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41 Nor any more youth or age than t
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136 I am not an earth nor an adjunc
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13225 The negro holds firmly the re
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322 Patriarchs sit at supper with s
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415 And if each and all be aware I
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511 Voices of cycles of preparation
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27611 To be in any form, what is th
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702 Head high in the forehead, wide
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806 I go hunting polar furs and the
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908 Ten o’clock at night, the ful
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1001 I do not ask who you are, that
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1099 Believing I shall come again u
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1200 The great Camerado, the lover
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1294 And as to you Corpse I think y
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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James Madison:The Federalist Papers
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people are impliedly and incidental
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sort of people, who are orderly and
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Charles Beard: The ConstitutionA Mi
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Legislatures reflect these interest
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Staughton Lynd:The Conflict Over Sl
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France is an example. Jefferson had
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to the interior & landed interest,
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The first was to solve the problem
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there against mobs, demagogues, and
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3iv.the early republic: forging ana
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jeffe
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employment to industrious individua
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Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffers
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“As the present crisis of human a
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The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799The
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Washington’s Farewell Address,Sep
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equal law must protect, and to viol
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I sec.8, Congress has also been gra
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That the following amendments of th
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3v.the disgusting spirit ofequality
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Transcendentalism DefinedThough clo
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All are needed by each one;Nothing
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a long period continue, to rule is
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The broadest and most prevalent err
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clergyman whose preaching my father
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difference between resisting this a
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similar concern for the conditions
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few years I have been gravely disap
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In the midst of blatant injustices
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about the baby, whom she had hardly
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who, with conjugal affections and m
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a hut, tranquil, if in a crowd. The
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South Carolina Ordinance of Nullifi
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operation....The right to secede is
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Worcester v. Georgia and refused to
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effect in point of possession when
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hold the writer maintained with the
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986A narrow Fellow in the GrassOcca
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house.“You done talk too much wid
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Kate Chopin: The StormIThe leaves w
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IVAlcée Laballière wrote to his w
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When the letter reached Desiree she
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Her lip was beginning to tremble, a
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IIITheir eyes met, and she blushed
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een reversed.“Why, how do you do?
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of a juggler tossing knives; but th
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Having deprived her of this first r
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Sojorner Truth: Ain’t I A Woman?S
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Viewpoints of the Mexican WarThe fo
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evolt and sin...”Caleb Atwater, E
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encouraged this ideal of the perfec
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its own territory, with boundaries
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3vi.slavery, sectionalismand secess
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Charles W. Chestnut:The Passing of
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promptness and decision. “He’s
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left the hotel when a long‐haired
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and sent to the penitentiary. I tho
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Necessary Evil to Positive GoodSour
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Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857)The fol
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)I
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DBQ: Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Me
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of the slave-holding system is to d
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“Why, not a cruel man, exactly, b
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Lincoln Denies Racial EqualityInter
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through an unseen multitude.“Ther
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that they intercepted, even for a m
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earded elders of the church have wh
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speak of. What! I have authority, I
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nothing to be shunned in the handso
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summer sun, it was his father’s c
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a human form appeared at intervals,