Brittle Power- PARTS 1-3 (+Notes) - Natural Capitalism Solutions

Notes 403171 Stephens 1974:45.172 Stephens 1974:46. There are an estimatedforty-three million retail distribution lines(Atallah 1980).173 Los Angeles Times 1982e.174 Atallah 1980.175 Stephens 1973:112; for an example, LosAngeles Times 1979d. Other oil companybuildings have been bombed, e.g., inPittsburgh in 1974 and San Francisco in 1975;a live mortar round was discovered at an oilcompany facility in New York City in 1977(Comptroller General of the U.S.1978:II:App. IX).176 As when Japanese opposing NaritaAirport firebombed a heavily guarded traincarrying jet fuel to it (Los Angeles Times 1981d.)and cut a bridge on the same rail line (LosAngeles Times: 1981hh.).177 Lerner et al. 1967; Grigsby et al. 1968;Boesman et al. 1970. Most of the dispersedoil stocks however, are in or near urbanareas, and would therefore be lost in anygeneral disaster such as a nuclear attack(Katz 1981:267ff.). Furthermore, distillatestocks must be cycled through storage. If leftdormant, they may oxidize, or grow bacteriaor fungi at the water-oil interface at the bottomof the tank. Both processes can irreversiblymake the fuel unusably gummy; itmay clog lines, filters, and burner tips.Oxidation and biological decompositionreinforce each other. Both make water,improving habitat for microorganisms.These eat oil and excrete acids and water.These products speed tank corrosion. Metalseaten away from the tank catalyze faster oxidation.So do metals left over from new,highly efficient cracking processes: modernrefineries, seeking to maximize their yield ofhigh distillates, are producing productswhich are less stable in storage than theyused to be (Alec Jenkins, personal communication,15 January 1982).178 Congressional Research Service1977:I:16.179 Stephens 1979:213.180 Sisk 1981. See also Soble & Tumulty1982.181 O’Toole 1981.182 Congressional Research Service1977:III:165.183 Kupperman & Trent 1979:73.184 Stephens 1979:210–211.Notes to Chapter Ten1 Comptroller General of the U.S. 1981a.2 FBI 1979:28. The bomb damaged pipes andpumps and caused some internal flooding, butcaused no structural damage to the dam. In asomewhat analogous incident, the UNITAguerrilla group “claims to have mined the SouthAfrican-run hydroelectric project on the CuneneRiver inside Angola” (McColm & Smith 1977),but it is not clear whether this refers to the dam,turbines, or exterior switchgear and lines, norhow much damage was done.3 Taylor 1980a.4 Goen et al. 1970:75.5 Shaw 1978.6 Defense Electric Power Administration1966:13A.7 Joint Committee on Defense Production1977a:1.8 Goen et al. 1970:71.9 Robert Mauro, quoted in Holmberg,1981.10 New York Times 1977.11 New York Times 1970a. A plant in Missouriwas also bombed in 1981 as Cover for robberies(Miami Herald 1981a:23).12 New York Times 1981j.13 Congressional Research Service1977:I:357.14 Joint Committee on Defense Production1977a:7–8. It is mainly in urban areas likeNew York City that underground transmission—aboutone percent of total U.S. transmissionmileage—occurs.15 Joint Committee on Defense Production1977:II:36.16 Congressional Research Service1977:I:365.17 For examples, see Economic RegulatoryAdministration 1979:II:181–216.18 Metz 1977. There are more than fifty-fivethousand miles of extra-high-voltage lines inthe United States (Kupperman & Trent1980:71).19 Kupperman & Trent 1980:71–72, 106.20 Joint Committee on Defense Production