Brittle Power- PARTS 1-3 (+Notes) - Natural Capitalism Solutions

Notes 4133 Electrical Construction and Maintenance1965.4 Congressional Research Service1977:III:190.5 Hyman 1981. This is partly because theconcept has been widely (if loosely) used inthe literature of political economy. Thesociopolitical implications of energy centralization,though beyond the scope of this book,are important and controversial (Lovins 1977,Nash 1979).6 Messing et al. 1979.7 Ibid.; see also Hyman 1981.8 Lovins 1977:86.9 In section 209.10 Economic Regulatory Administration1981.11 E.g., Asbury & Webb 1979.12 Persons acquainted with the work of thelate economist E.F. Schumacher only by thetitle of his best-known book, Small IsBeautiful, are often surprised to find that heemphasized this point, stating explicitly that itis just as wrong to be addicted to universallysmall as to universally large scale.13 Schipper 1981.14 St. Geours 1979.15 Lovins & Lovins 1981a, calculating fromMinistry of Industry data.16 Chikyu no Koe 1981.17 Schipper 1981.18 New York Times 1981s.19 Business Week 1981.20 Sant et al. 1981.21 RTM 1981.22 Ibid. RTM’s estimates of the energy savingsfrom geothermal, municipal solid waste,cogeneration, and waste-heat recovery areomitted from these data. The nonrenewabledecline was largely in oil and gas. Coal miningincreased by less (a still impressive seventeenhundred trillion BTU’s per year). Fulleraccounting for nonmarket wood use, or countingdelivered rather than primary energy,would make the renewable increment exceedeven this addition from coal.23 Weintz 1981.24 Solar Age 1981b.25 Brown 1981:205; Gouraud 1982:4 (whoalso points out that some two million keroseneheaters were sold in 1981).26 New York Times 1981k; Los Angeles Times1981z.27 ERAB 1981a:15.28 Hewett et al. 1981:142.29 Lovins & Lovins 1981:66n144. The deliveredenergy (in terms of heat content) fromnuclear power was eight hundred trillionBTUs; the delivered energy from wood, conservativelyassuming average consumption efficienciesof forty percent in households and seventypercent in industrial boilers, was a bareminimum of thirteen hundred trillion BTUs,more likely about twenty-one hundred, andquite possibly twenty-five hundred. The uncertaintyarises mainly from nonmarket woodtransactions, which are difficult to estimate.30 Bowring 1980.31 See California Energy Commission 1981bfor manufacturers; and for plans, ibid. 1981,Park & Obermeier 1981, and O’Reilly 1982.32 Ron Corso (Federal Energy RegulatoryCommission), personal communication, 4August 1981. Competing applications for thesame sites are not double-counted.33 Siegel 1981.34 Energy Daily 1981, based on RTM data.35 Larry Schlussler, personal communication,December 1981. Many of the householdsare remote and produce special crops whichthe householders are reluctant to expose to thegaze of meter-readers. This alters the perceivedeconomics of photovoltaics.36 Schupe 1981; Lubenow 1981; Shupe &Weingart 1980.37 California Energy Commission 1981c.The estimates are conservative.38 Katz et al. 1981.39 OTA 1978.40 Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies1979:Summ.:2. See also Southern CaliforniaEdison Company 1980.41 Delegationen för energiforskning 1980.In addition, three percent of the budget is fordistrict heating (solar or fossil-fueled) andseven percent is for system studies, basicresearch, and overheads. Thus only the balanceof fourteen percent is for non-renewables,chiefly for prior commitments in fusion and innuclear waste management.42 Ursu & Vamanu 1979:18.43 Tsuchiya 1981.44 Solar Age 1981.45 Ibid.; Comité d’Action pour la Solaire