Examen corrigé Université de Montréal Thèse numérique Papyrus ...

30833 The phantom does not literally exist; it is a metaphor that traces the archival truth.34 Normal mourning is a successful mourning that is brought to a conclusion. When mourning fails,the introjection of the object is suspended or annihilated. Affective as it is, the re-turn of melancholiaexplains how the lost object is not completely incorporated in the psyche. This failure of integrationleaves an impact on the psyche. Melancholia might lead to mania and suicide.35 The lost father-child relationship would be one of the unspeakable “secrets” that stake thenarrative. Are we to understand that prohibited relation as an erotic one? Although we tend to thinkof the child’s desire for the approval of the father and the unconditional love of the mother (hence thedevelopment of identification and desire in the heteronormative subject), there are such strongcurrents of ambiguity and ambivalence in Hawthorne’s writing that the desire for the paternal penismay indeed be the unspeakable secret, the repressed which can return only in a highly disguisedform. Were my focus the question of erotic investitures of the narrative, I would study the variouslevels of the erotics of the missed encounter.36 In the Lacanian psychoanalytic model, the Real defies symbolization. According to Lacan, it isimpossible to have access to the Real due to our dependence on language. Commenting on Lacan’spsychoanalytic model, Žižek argues that he Real is a fantasy; it does not exist, yet its effects on thesubject are so indelible.37 My understanding of nostalgia draws upon the Freudian model of psychoanalysis, the Derrideantheory of the archive fever. The Greek nostos implies a re-turn home. My emphasis is not so much on