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iiThis dissertation explores the career of the Lacanian missed encounter in canonical nineteenthcenturyAmerican literature through the lens of psychoanalysis, deconstruction, postmodernism, andpostcolonialism. In particular, I concentrate on Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Melville’s Moby-Dick, showing how they are invested in the narrative economy of the missed encounter, the economyof that which is beyond symbolization and assimilation. The introductory chapter investigates thehistorical, philosophical, and theoretical contours and detours of the concept of the missed encounter.This dissertation, then, has two goals: on the one hand, it attempts to examine the status and functionof the missed encounter in nineteenth-century American literature, and on the other, it explores howtheorizing the missed encounter might help us move beyond the binarist theorization thatcharacterizes the current geopolitical scenes.My first chapter on Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter attempts to map the career of the signifieras a shuttling between the archive and the future, between the subject and the object, and between thesignifier and the signified. The aim of this chapter is to account for the temporality of the signifierand the temporality of subjectivity and how they meet the temporality of the Tuché. By exploring thecrypto-temporal dimension of the missed encounter, this chapter studies the excess of crypts throughpoetics (mainly prosopopeia, anasemia, and tropes of exhumation).The second chapter elaborates the contours of the missed encounter. This chapter approaches,from psychoanalytic and deconstructive viewpoints, the temporality of the missed encounter (thetemporality of automaton and repetition). By exploring the narrative temporality (prolepsis andanalepsis) in conjunction with the psycho-poetics of the double, this chapter attempts to lay bare thevicissitudes of melancholia and “narcissistic depression” in Moby-Dick (especially Ahab’s repetitionof his unnarrated or disnarrated original encounter with the White Whale and his melancholicposition in relation to the object he lost). By exposing the nature of trauma as a missed encounter, the
iiiresidues of which manifest symptomatically through repetition (and doubling), this chapter explainsthe glissement of the letter (through the work of the supplement and différance).Chapter three broadens the scope of the missed encounter to the Others of America. The mainpurpose of this chapter is to assess the political, cultural, imaginary, and libidinal investitures of themissed encounter in the Real, the national Symbolic of the United States, and the current geopoliticalreality. It also deals with the ambiguous relationship between jouissance and the Symbolic: the wayin which jouissance animates and governs the Symbolic, while at the same time it blurs the boundarylines between the Real and reality and protects its excessive maneuvers.Keywords: American literature, the missed encounter, theory, tuché, automaton, trope, archive,trauma, narrative, temporality, prosopopeia, jouissance, Hawthorne, Melville, Lacan, Derrida, Freud,Žižek.
Page 1 and 2: Université de MontréalThe Career
Page 3: Abstracti
Page 9 and 10: viiTable of ContentsAbstract……
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgementsix
Page 13 and 14: xiA throw of the dice will never ab
Page 15 and 16: 2In fact, the history of Western th
Page 17 and 18: 4allows the intrusion of the trauma
Page 19 and 20: 6A constellation of concepts and tr
Page 21 and 22: 8a series of philosophical/existent
Page 23 and 24: 10will try to provide an explanatio
Page 25 and 26: 12of the real” suggests an inextr
Page 27 and 28: 14other than the Cartesian cogito:
Page 29 and 30: 16Fundamental Concepts 61), the rei
Page 31 and 32: 18discourse may seem to be freely a
Page 33 and 34: 20is perceived as unknowableness th
Page 35 and 36: 22Thing and the uncanny in my treat
Page 37 and 38: 24of the Puritan fathers. It is the
Page 39 and 40: 26that are at once both transgressi
Page 41 and 42: 28approaching an originary traumati
Page 43 and 44: 30essential to note that the obsess
Page 45 and 46: 32later on, the post activity, susp
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 1The Dialectics of the Tuch
Page 49 and 50: 36by the place the main signifierth
Page 51 and 52: 38narrative is explained by Caruth
Page 53 and 54: 40repeat 11 because it is only in m
Page 55 and 56:
42writing/reading itself. The misse
Page 57 and 58:
441.1 The Game of Difference/Diffé
Page 59 and 60:
46This suspension between disfigura
Page 61 and 62:
48Derrida demonstrates that “Anas
Page 63 and 64:
50DeSalvo’s analysis of the narra
Page 65 and 66:
52said to be consolidated by such r
Page 67 and 68:
54When Derrida says that a letter c
Page 69 and 70:
56evil eye is enigmatically visible
Page 71 and 72:
58The question the letter brings in
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60enables us to better grasp the d
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62(45). Performative as it is, the
Page 77 and 78:
64primal scenes that haunted the Wo
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66attempt to have access to the pas
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68a missed encounter, an impossible
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70the disease in his own eye and he
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72father“thou wilt not reveal his
Page 87 and 88:
74The dynamics of this incorporatio
Page 89 and 90:
76remnants of an unknown past that
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78threat of patriarchy. Although He
Page 93 and 94:
80coherence to the subject. The sca
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82production which engenders a disc
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84The objet a is a Thing that is re
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86Scarlet Letter is to see, without
Page 101 and 102:
88Hester’s shame although the wor
Page 103 and 104:
90attempt to decipher it. Although
Page 105 and 106:
921.3. Correspondence of Drives: Tr
Page 107 and 108:
94excessively cathectedan excess of
Page 109 and 110:
96inhabits silence, absence, and al
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98in anticipation of Derridean theo
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100primal scene poses an answer to
Page 115 and 116:
102the sense of a return of the rep
Page 117 and 118:
104over to a new authorthe ghost. T
Page 119 and 120:
106other within oneself in a safe c
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108father. For mourning to be possi
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110specifics of Hawthorne’s spect
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112American national identity. The
Page 127 and 128:
114effect of the drives that try to
Page 129 and 130:
116ambivalence and doubt. Derrida a
Page 131 and 132:
118relations or formations called t
Page 133 and 134:
120materializes a certain symbolic
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122“with his own ghostly hand, th
Page 137 and 138:
124exerting my fancy, sluggish with
Page 139 and 140:
126ties his life with his father’
Page 141 and 142:
The uncanny double is clearly an in
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130lost by the subject who is, foll
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132would seem that “dédoubler”
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134automaton, of repetitionthen, in
Page 149 and 150:
136emphasis, amounting to a moralis
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138starts with “call me Ishmael
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140writing. In this relationship th
Page 155 and 156:
142economy, the life of the double.
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144Whale as “a broad white shadow
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146narrative, is beyond the scope o
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148special lunacy stormed his gener
Page 163 and 164:
150One of the main purposes of this
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152of the missed encounter, but als
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154existential abyssAhab and Pip co
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156The painting represents and repr
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158the primal scene of experience a
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160metaphysical, but we are left wi
Page 175 and 176:
162narrative investment in the Goth
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164the ego and the double, there is
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166description. My object here is s
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168prosopopeia. Melville multiplies
Page 183 and 184:
170origin, the lost referent, which
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172diffusion of arrival (i.e., psyc
Page 187 and 188:
174Likewise, the White Whale is inv
Page 189 and 190:
176Castaway” is Pip’s obituary
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178hieroglyphic marks, inscrutable
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180Considered a prosopoetic surplus
Page 195 and 196:
182The relationship between signs n
Page 197 and 198:
184reversed into presence and that
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186lurks in all things, else all th
Page 201 and 202:
188is helical. The recurrent refere
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190exchange of positions. Ahab, the
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192narcissistic melancholia. In oth
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194Like Adam and Eve’s expulsion
Page 209 and 210:
1962.3 The De-centered Center and t
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198between sender and receiver is t
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200most fatal casualties … you mu
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202this. This is the book’s motto
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204In fact, this name becomes an an
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206revelations and allusions of all
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208absence. Why do we need the conc
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210the mother and the other keeps l
Page 225 and 226:
212figures in the novel. It’s con
Page 227 and 228:
214structured around ambivalence, u
Page 229 and 230:
216narrative. The rose becomes the
Page 231 and 232:
218genital symbol” (235), literat
Page 233 and 234:
220recovering a romanticized ideali
Page 235 and 236:
222manifestation of everything that
Page 237 and 238:
Chapter 3Historicizing the Missed E
Page 239 and 240:
226Hieroglyphics: The Symbol of the
Page 241 and 242:
228revisited certain psychoanalytic
Page 243 and 244:
230With psychoanalysis, deconstruct
Page 245 and 246:
232Reading Žižek reading Lacan, I
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234Real of the body characterizes t
Page 249 and 250:
236nationalism and identity. I want
Page 251 and 252:
238of what Knapp calls the “evolu
Page 253 and 254:
240perhaps reflective of Melville
Page 255 and 256:
242the Arab is conceived of now as
Page 257 and 258:
244This brings one, finally, to Ano
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246Aeschylus to Marx for its Orient
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248and a kind of cultural dominatio
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250occlusive, partial, and deformed
Page 265 and 266:
252psychic reality: the impossible
Page 267 and 268:
254material elements of the body 72
Page 269 and 270:
256geological temporality rather th
Page 271 and 272:
258This regression to the liminal s
Page 273 and 274:
260Following Žižek’s reading of
Page 275 and 276:
262knowledge or subjectivity under
Page 277 and 278:
264to formulate my argument about t
Page 279 and 280:
266essence of the missed encounter
Page 281 and 282:
2683.3. To Enjoy or not to Enjoy th
Page 283 and 284:
270of the missed encounter. Is not
Page 285 and 286:
272symbolic images and representati
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274In our daily existence, we are i
Page 289 and 290:
276Symbolic. Their ghosts continue
Page 291 and 292:
27811 was on the one hand an irrupt
Page 293 and 294:
280inscription is recognized throug
Page 295 and 296:
282ideological co-ordinates against
Page 297 and 298:
284Is it not remarkable that, at th
Page 299 and 300:
286Derrida’s différance interven
Page 301 and 302:
288who is looking for truth. What p
Page 303 and 304:
290The ineradicable link between li
Page 305 and 306:
Something is rotten in the state of
Page 307 and 308:
294The violence of the Symbolic is
Page 309 and 310:
296it was literary/symbolic and onl
Page 311 and 312:
Notes
Page 313 and 314:
300an image at the most cruel point
Page 315 and 316:
302continues. At the end of the sto
Page 317 and 318:
30416 Derrida’s écriture enacts
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306therefore, be an object that is,
Page 321 and 322:
30833 The phantom does not literall
Page 323 and 324:
310the hypothesis of a death instin
Page 325 and 326:
312however, has an important place
Page 327 and 328:
314Thus here. Man is an object to G
Page 329 and 330:
316infelicitous performative uttera
Page 331 and 332:
31864 In Plato’s work we learn th
Page 333 and 334:
32069 In Freud’s model of psychoa
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322Others, nineteenth-century Ameri
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Works Cited324
Page 339 and 340:
326Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and h
Page 341 and 342:
328Deleuze, Gilles. Difference and
Page 343 and 344:
330DeSalvo, Louise. Nathaniel Hawth
Page 345 and 346:
332Kafka, Franz. Letters To Milena.
Page 347 and 348:
334Miller, J. Hillis. The Medium is
Page 349:
336Žižek, Slavoj. “Descartes an
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