HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES - See also - Harvard University

518 MARTHA BOHACHEVSKY-CHOMIAKThe rector of the Ukrainian university in Prague, Oleksander Kolessa,felt obliged to announce formally that only individual faculty of hisuniversity were participating in the Polish-sponsored commission, notthe institution itself.The continued discriminatory policies of the Poles placed Ukrainianswilling to work with the Polish government in a very precariousposition. Ukrainians especially resented the policy, connected withGrabski himself, of replacing Ukrainian language schools with bilingualor Polish ones. The usually moderate clergyman Tyt Voinarovs'kyiwas angered by these shortsighted moves of the Poles. Later in1925, when Count Stanisław Łoś again raised the issue of a universitywith Voinarovs'kyi, the prelate refused to pursue the matter: "I toldhim that in the conditions which now exist in Poland, more appropriatewould be a trade school rather than a university, since both the Polishgovernment and the entire Polish society are doing everything in theirpower not to let a Ukrainian intelligentsia exist in Poland." 43The storm caused by Smal-Stocki's letter to Grabski was a convenientpretext for dragging out the whole issue. Meanwhile, the ClandestineUniversity in Lviv, suffering from both government persecution anddiminishing community support, was near its end. Educational opportunitiesfor Ukrainian youth became minimal, which contributed to theanti-intellectual fervor of Ukrainian ultra-patriotic organizations.Crises within the Polish government doomed any attempt to continuework on the Ukrainian university in Cracow. When Ukrainianparliamentary representatives raised the issue of a Ukrainian universityagain on 5 February 1926, there was no response. The Piłsudskigroups that in opposition had toyed with legislative projects whichcould have facilitated establishing a Ukrainian university proved to beeven more intransigent toward the Ukrainians than the precedinggovernments had been. After May 1926, Poland became an openlyauthoritarian state and no one even pretended to work on the universityissue.But even in the turbulent 1930s, Ukrainians in Galicia did not losesight of the issue, and anniversaries of various phases of the universitystruggle were celebrated. On 19 September 1938, an issue of Novyichas prominently proclaimed the 90th anniversary of the establishmentof a chair of Ukrainian language at the university of Lviv.Boiars'kyi, secretary (whose given name I have been unable to establish). See alsoMudryi, Ukrains'kyi universytet, pp. 49-50 and 56.43Voinarovs'kyi, Spohady z moho zhyttia, p. 74.