HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES - See also - Harvard University

500 MARTHA BOHACHEVSKY-CHOMIAKby the end of the century a Ukrainian university in Galicia became amajor political goal. Ukrainian parliamentary representatives formallymade the demand in the Austrian Reichstag on 29 December 1898. 7Pressure from the Ukrainians had resulted in the appointment in1894 of Mykhailo Hrushevs'kyi, a leading Ukrainian historian from theRussian Empire, to the chair of East European history, with Ukrainianas the language of instruction, at the university of Lviv. The courses hewas to teach included several in Ukrainian history. One reason forHrushevs'kyi's appointment was the hope that he would strengthenPolish-Ukrainian cooperation on the common ground of anti-Russianfeelings. 8Discrimination against Ukrainians in the Russian Empire,however, made the Galician Ukrainians acutely aware of their nationalresponsibility and obligation to establish a Ukrainian university.Initially, Ukrainian students had demanded only that more subjectsbe taught in Ukrainian at the university in Lviv. They made use of allthe traditional means of protest — petitions, rallies, commissions, anddelegations to officials as high as the minister of education in Vienna.When these efforts failed to yield results, a rally of all Ukrainianstudents in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was called in Lviv on13 July 1899. That assembly made a clear-cut demand:In view of the burdens which the Ukrainian people bear for the government; inview of the fact that article 19 of the Fundamental Law guarantees to eachnation the opportunity of full cultural development in its own native language;in view of the fact that the bilingualism guaranteed by law but not introducedin practice at the university in Lviv is insufficient for the needs of theUkrainian people; in view of the fact that the number of Ukrainian students isso large that the creation of a university for them is essential, the Ukrainianstudents of all higher schools in Austria demand from the government thecreation of a Ukrainian university in Lviv. 9sława Czajecka's "Przygotowanie kobiet do pracy zawodowej na tle ruchu feministycznegow Galicji" (Ph.D. diss., Jagellonian University, 1977).7Bobrzyński, the vice-president of the Crownland School Council who in 1908became the governor of Galicia, had complained that "the Ukrainians presentedthe establishment of a Ruthenian university as their highest political goal" :Michał Bobrzyński, Z moich pamiętników, ed. Adam Galos (Wrocław, 1957),p. 317. The historian Henryk Wereszycki (Historia polityczna Polski, 1864-1918,2nd ed. [Paris, 1979], p. 176), also stressed that at the turn of the century a majorUkrainian party considered the university and popular suffrage as their foremostpolitical goals in Galicia.8Bobrzyński, Z moich pamiętników, p. 302. Ivan Franko, who was underconsideration at about the same time as Hrushevs'kyi, a moderate socialist, wasdenied appointment at the university in Lviv because of his political convictions.9Mudryi, Borot'ba, pp. 42-43, citing Ukrains'ko-rus'kyi universytet: Pam"iatkovaknyha pershoho vicha ukrains'kykh studentiv ν Avstrii (Lviv, 1899). See also