HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES - See also - Harvard University

Reviews 553inevitably detracts from the novelty of the ideas presented. Finally, onewonders whether the publication of this collection merited an NEH subvention(under the Program for Research Tools and Reference Works). The mostsuccessful essays are often to be found in fuller form elsewhere, whereas theless successful have the same defect as this review: they try to cover too muchdisparate material in too short a space.Daniel RowlandUniversity of KentuckyAUFBRUCH UND NEUBEGINN: HEIMATBUCH DER GALIZIENDEUT-SCHEN. Part 2. Edited by Julius Krämer, with Rudolf Mohr andErnst Hobler. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Hilfskomitee der Galiziendeutschen,1977. xvi, 672 pp.Islands of German settlement scattered throughout eastern Europe were acommon phenomenon from medieval times until at least the middle of ourown century. On the old territory of the pre-World War I province of Galiciathere were two distinct waves of German colonization. The first, occurring inthe late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, was associated with invitationsoffered by Polish kings to settle first western and later eastern Galicia. Theseearly settlers were primarily artisans who settled in Cracow, Lviv, and othercities, but by the sixteenth century they had largely become assimilated withthe ruling Polish urban elite.The second wave of German colonization began after 1772 when Galiciabecame part of the Austrian Empire. Already between 1781 and 1785, underEmperor Joseph II, more than 15,000 German settlers were brought to Galiciafrom the Palatinate and other southwest German states. More colonistsfollowed in the early nineteenth century, attracted by the land and otherspecial privileges offered by the Austrian government. Unlike their medievalpredecessors, this new wave of Germans settled in rural Galician villageswhere they had their own schools, cooperatives, cultural organizations, andchurches, and where they led a life marked by little contact with the surroundingPolish or Ukrainian communities. Their numbers increased steadily, by1900 reaching 75,000, but thereafter the population declined (due mainly toemigration to Germany and the New World), so that by the 1930s less than50,000 remained. Throughout this whole period, about two-thirds of theGerman settlements were in the eastern, Ukrainian half of Galicia.German life in eastern Galicia came to an abrupt end in 1939-1940.Following the Nazi-Soviet destruction of Poland, the Soviets allowed Hitler toresettle the Germans of Soviet-held eastern Galicia (incorporated into the