HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES - See also - Harvard University

502 MARTHA BOHACHEVSKY-CHOMIAKsmashed furniture, and went out into the streets, singing patrioticsongs as they marched through the city. 12Classes were suspended, and an investigation into the rally began.The university's senate issued a declaration in Polish deploring theevents of November 19 and urging all students to defend the integrityof the university. The Ukrainian students took this as a call for apogrom against them. Their reply came in the dramatic withdrawal ofall Ukrainian students from the university. The secession lasted anacademic year, and all Ukrainian students supported it, including theconservative Moscophiles. 13The Ukrainian community immediatelyraised the money to enable the Galician Ukrainians to attend otheruniversities in the empire, particularly that at Cracow, which wasclosest. The Ukrainian students viewed the western Galician universityof Cracow as justly a Polish one, but attendance there merely strengthenedtheir conviction that a Ukrainian university should exist in Lviv.When the students returned to Lviv in the fall of 1902, they renewedthe struggle with even more dedication.The decade preceding the outbreak of World War I was characterizedby the growth of patriotism among both the Ukrainians and thePoles in Galicia. Patriotic political organizations of both nationalitiesproliferated. Many aimed at the amelioration of conditions in thevillages and at the concomitant spread of national consciousnessamong the peasants. University and high school students becameinvolved in social and political matters. 14 Assertion of national consciousnesspermeated all aspects of life in Galicia, and attempts toestablish schools for women provided additional fuel for the nationalityissue. 1512Bobrzyński, Z moich pamiętników, p. 302; Mudryi, Borot'ba, pp. 44-46.13Although a discussion of the political situation among the Ukrainian parties inGalicia is outside the scope of this article, a brief note reminding the reader of theso-called Moscophiles is in order. By the turn of the century the influence of theMoscophiles, adherents to a vague, politically romantic neo-conservatism whichidealized the Russian tsar and the alleged unity of Eastern Slavdom, had declined.The Moscophiles resented the Ukrainian populist trend which emerged inGalicia, insisted on using a stilted variant of Church Slavonic rather than vernacularUkrainian, and avoided contact with the political parties and social organizationsformed in Galicia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Hence,support of the boycott by Moscophile students was considered a coup.14See, for instance, the discussion of the Liga Narodowa, a patriotic nationaldemocraticorganization which tried to raise national consciousness among Polishpeasants, in Wereszycki, Historia polityczna, p. 258.15Polish students ended one rally before the new high school for girls run byUkrainian Basilian nuns, chanting "Basilian nuns to the stake." Because religion