HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES - See also - Harvard University

THE UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITY IN GALICIA 503The more the Ukrainians demanded a Ukrainian university, themore the Poles rallied to the defense of what they considered to be thePolish university in Lviv. Anti-Ukrainian publications appeared morefrequently, and criticism of the Rusini, as the Poles called Ukrainians,was loud, especially among local Poles. 16Since the Austrian government was taking no decisive action, theUkrainians in Galicia began to plan a private Ukrainian universitywhich could qualify for a government subsidy. The Shevchenko ScientificSociety, the surrogate Ukrainian Academy of Arts in Galiciawhich had petitioned the government to establish a university, was inthe forefront of these efforts. But a private university proved to bebeyond the financial capabilities of Galician Ukrainians. Instead theyorganized summer courses at Lviv in 1904, in which students andfaculty from the Russian Empire, where there were no Ukrainianlanguage schools, took part.The revolution of 1905 in the Russian Empire showed the Ukrainiansthe importance of direct action. At student rallies emotions ranhigh. Direct confrontations between Ukrainian and Polish students, attimes mediated and at time abetted by the police, flared up morefrequently. Following one in 1907, over a hundred Ukrainian studentswere arrested for rowdyism and destruction of property. When let go,they refused to depart as a protest over the arrest of five studentleaders. Having staged another rally in jail, of which one leader wasMyroslav Sichyns'kyi (who was later to assassinate Andrzej Potocki,the governor of Galicia), the students went on a hunger strike to maketheir cause and demand for a university known outside the monarchy.17 The young Ukrainians manifested confidence, solidarity, andwas involved, the incident came to be discussed in the Galician Diet; see SprawozdanieSejmu Krajowego z roku 1902/3, vol. З (34-49) (meeting of 24 October1903), pp. 2287-88, and Czajecka, "Przygotowanie kobiet," pp. 488 and 578.Also see Bobrzyński, Z moich pamiętników, p. 305.16Traditionally the Ukrainians in Galicia referred to themselves as Rusyny andto their ancestral nation as Rus'. The Latinized and Germanized forms areRutheni and Ruthenen; the Polonized, Rusini. The term was never used byUkrainians as a name for Russians, although in rhetorical usage Rus' couldinclude Russians. Conservatives — Moscophiles and Old Ruthenians — wantedto continue using the term rusyn, but by the turn of the century Ukrainian, whichhad come into widespread use in Eastern Ukraine earlier, had been popularizedin Galicia by the democratic movement and won out. Although a few traditionalistsused rusyn, especially on ceremonial occasions, most Ukrainians in Galiciaresented the term, especially when used by non-Ukrainians. The Poles officiallyused the term Rusini as a synonym for Ukraińcy until 1939.17The best account is by Osyp Nazaruk, in Nazaruk and Okhrymovych, "Khro-