Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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The lungs provide a place where large amounts of oxygen can be loaded quickly into the bloodand large amounts of carbon dioxide can be removed from it. The PULMONARY ARTERY fromthe right side of the heart branches into two arteries which carry DEOXYGENATED blood to bothlungs. Each artery continues dividing and subdividing within the lungs forming smaller and smallervessels which end in capillaries which surround the alveolar sacs of the respiratory bronchioles. Asthe blood passes through the pulmonary capillaries, it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.Then the newly OXYGENATED blood immediately returns through the venules (small veins) to thePULMONARY VEINS which return to the left side of the heart.The lung itself gets its nutriment supply from the bronchial arteries which branch off the aorta.All regional lymph nodes for the lung and the pleura are above the diaphragm. They include theintrathoracic, scalene, and supraclavicular. The intrathoracic lymph nodes can be divided into twomain groups: intrapulmonic and mediastinal.1. Intrapulmonic:2. Mediastinal:Intrapulmonary (incl. interlobar, lobar, segmental)Hilar (proximal lobar, pulmonary roots)PeribronchialCarinal (subcarinal/precarinal)Mediastinal (anterior, posterior)Peri/paratracheal (incl. tracheobronchial, lower peritracheal, azygos)Pretracheal and retrotracheal (incl. precarinal)Peri/paraesophagealAortic (peri/para aortic, subaortic, aorticopulmonary window,ascending aorta or phrenic), above the diaphragmPulmonary ligamentIf any of the above nodes are contralateral or bilateral, they are still considered regional, by theAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), but are put in a separate category (N3) along withthe supraclavicular and scalene nodes. Historically, these lymph nodes have been classified as"distant.""Vocal cord paralysis," "superior vena cava syndrome," and "compression of the trachea or theesophagus" are classified as mediastinal lymph node involvement unless there is a statement ofinvolvement by direct extension from the primary tumor.154
Q16The main bronchus, pulmonary artery and veins, nerves and lymph vessels enter and leave throughtheof the lung.Q17Describe the lobes of the lung:a. Right lung:b. Left lung:Q18lines the thorax.covers the outer surface of the lung, while155
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SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
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CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
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ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
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SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
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BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
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Directional Planes of the BodySagit
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Relative Positional and Directional
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Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
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Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
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SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
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EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
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Q1a. What are the two primary layer
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Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
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Answer:Q2The three glands of the sk
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Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
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Benign TumorsThere is a large group
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Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
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MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
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The description of the level 1 of i
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Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
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Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
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Q10Match the regions of the skin on
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SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
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T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
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Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
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Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
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Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
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Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
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Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
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SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
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Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
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LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
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Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
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Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
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Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
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Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
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Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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Page 116 and 117: Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
Page 118 and 119: Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
Page 120 and 121: Portal System (portal circulation)V
Page 122 and 123: Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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Page 126 and 127: Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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Page 130 and 131: Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
Page 132 and 133: DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
Page 134 and 135: Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
Page 136 and 137: Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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Page 142 and 143: Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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Page 146 and 147: Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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Page 150 and 151: Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
Page 152 and 153: The larynx can be divided into thre
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Page 156 and 157: Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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Page 160 and 161: Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
Page 164 and 165: Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
Page 166 and 167: Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
Page 168 and 169: Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
Page 170 and 171: Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
Page 172 and 173: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
Page 174 and 175: The organs of the digestive system
Page 176 and 177: Answer:Q1The main organs of the dig
Page 178 and 179: • Lips. The lips form the upper a
Page 180 and 181: Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
Page 182 and 183: Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
Page 184 and 185: Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
Page 186 and 187: • Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
Page 188 and 189: Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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Page 192 and 193: Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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Page 196 and 197: Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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Page 200 and 201: Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
Page 202 and 203: Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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Page 206 and 207: Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
Page 208 and 209: Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
Page 210 and 211: Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
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Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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206
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Answer:Q30The esophagus extends fro
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The medial border of the stomach is
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Q33The stomach lies just below thei
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Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
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The large intestine receives the fl
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Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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224
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Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
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Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
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Metastatic tumors involving the liv
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Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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234
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Answer: 046The function of the gall
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238
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Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
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Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
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The microscopic structure of the re
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Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
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Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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250
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Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
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URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
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Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
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Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
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Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
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Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
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Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
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CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
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Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorg
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• Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
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Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
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FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
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Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
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Q8Name the three openings of the ut
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Answer: 08In naming the three openi
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Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
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6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
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Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
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298
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Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
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A tumor specified as "subareolar" i
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Answer:Q22One of the first and most
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306
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ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads i
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310
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Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
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314
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Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
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Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
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Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
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RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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324
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Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
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Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
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• Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
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Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
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Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is loc
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Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
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Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
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340
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Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
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344
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Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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348
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Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
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352
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Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
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Structure of BoneEach long bone of
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Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
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Facial bones. The facial bones are
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Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
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Q17Match the bones on the left with
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Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
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Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
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Q20Sites from which metastases to b
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Q22Match the description on the lef
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Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
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Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
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Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
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Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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382
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Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
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Answer:Q8The three general function
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Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
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392
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Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
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Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
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410
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412
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Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
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416
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Answer:Q3The three layers which com
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420
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Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
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424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
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Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
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Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
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Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
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Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
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Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
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Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
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440
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HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
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444
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DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
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470
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OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
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478
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Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
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Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
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Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
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Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
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Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
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Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
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Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
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Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
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Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
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Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
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Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
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Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
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Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
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Integumentary system (skin) (contin
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Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
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Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
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Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
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Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
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Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
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Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
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Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
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Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
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Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
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Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
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Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
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Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
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Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
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Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
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Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
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Tumor (see also specific histologic
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Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
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Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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