Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is located behind the sternum in the mediastinum. It is large in childhood, butshrinks in adults. Its structure is lymphoepithelial. It is a source of lymphoeytes. T lymphocytesmature in the thymus and are involved in cell-mediated immunity, that is, the cells themselves mediatethe immune effect. The thymus is also included in the section on the Lymphatic System.Tumors of the thymus, thymomas, are rare and most often benign. As a lymphoid organ, thethymus may be primarily or secondarily involved in lymphomas of the mediastinum.The condition of myasthenia gravis, which is characterized by muscular weakness and fatigue, maybe associated with tumors of the thymus.Other Hormone ProducersThe stomach wall secretes a hormone called gastrin which stimulates the blood vessels andsecretions of the stomach glands.The upper part of the small intestine secretes a hormone called secretin which stimulates thepancreas and causes the gallbladder to contract.The placenta produces chorionic gonadotropic hormones which help to maintain pregnancy.Figure 56. ADRENAL GLANDFigure 57. THYMUS GLAND". ".....-._.-" ; .'.".._ . '_'.'.. ".a. ( ....... /"_ _,' ......... _" "_:'_" I__'. .'_i_':::_ .... _;........... _....... %, :"::';: .,.._.. ) _!_i_' t,_..- _-_-_;I,/,...:._. ........ ,7:::._i..._ _.' ,, '_"" ,,.-"': "/...:. .,.:........ ,., .... -.-- _q_-": " .-' _; , !:.. - : .,'" " ."i _'t .................. _......... _ ................... _ ' _;,--., "_._-'_,,,334
Q1Match the terms on the left with the descriptions on the right.1. Hormones a. An endocrine gland which lies at the base of the brain; thepituitary.. 2. Hypophysis b. Ductless glands which secrete substances into the bloodstream3. Exocrine glands c. A narrow strip of tissue connecting two parts4. Isthmus d. Organic secretions originating in a ductless gland and conveyedto another part of the body by the bloodstream5. Endocrine glands e. Glands which secrete substances through ducts in the bodysurfaces or into body cavities6. Steroids f. Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, such as aldosterone,cortisol, and androgens335
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SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
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CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
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ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
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SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
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BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
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Directional Planes of the BodySagit
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Relative Positional and Directional
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Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
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Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
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SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
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EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
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Q1a. What are the two primary layer
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Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
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Answer:Q2The three glands of the sk
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Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
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Benign TumorsThere is a large group
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Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
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MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
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The description of the level 1 of i
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Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
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Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
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Q10Match the regions of the skin on
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SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
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T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
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Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
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Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
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Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
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Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
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Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
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SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
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Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
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LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
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Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
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Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
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Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
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Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
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Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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The heart lies in a loose-fitting s
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106
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Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
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Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
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Portal System (portal circulation)V
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Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
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DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
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Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
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Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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130
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132
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Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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136
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Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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140
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Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
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The larynx can be divided into thre
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Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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150
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Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
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The lungs provide a place where lar
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Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
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Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
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Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
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Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
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The organs of the digestive system
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Answer:Q1The main organs of the dig
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• Lips. The lips form the upper a
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Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
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Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
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Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
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• Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
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Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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182
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Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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186
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Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
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Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
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Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
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Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
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Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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206
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Answer:Q30The esophagus extends fro
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The medial border of the stomach is
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Q33The stomach lies just below thei
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Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
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The large intestine receives the fl
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Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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224
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Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
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Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
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Metastatic tumors involving the liv
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Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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234
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Answer: 046The function of the gall
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Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
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Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
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The microscopic structure of the re
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Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
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Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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250
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Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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254
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Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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258
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Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
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URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
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Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
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Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
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Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
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Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
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Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
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CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
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Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorg
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• Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
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Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
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FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
Page 292 and 293: Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
Page 294 and 295: Q8Name the three openings of the ut
Page 296 and 297: Answer: 08In naming the three openi
Page 298 and 299: Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
Page 300 and 301: 6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
Page 302 and 303: Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
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Page 308 and 309: Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
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Page 312 and 313: Answer:Q22One of the first and most
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Page 316 and 317: ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads i
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Page 320 and 321: Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
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Page 324 and 325: Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
Page 326 and 327: Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
Page 328 and 329: Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
Page 330 and 331: RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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Page 334 and 335: Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
Page 336 and 337: Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
Page 338 and 339: • Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
Page 340 and 341: Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
Page 344 and 345: Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
Page 346 and 347: Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
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Page 350 and 351: Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
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Page 354 and 355: Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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Page 358 and 359: Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
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Page 362 and 363: Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
Page 364 and 365: Structure of BoneEach long bone of
Page 366 and 367: Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
Page 368 and 369: Facial bones. The facial bones are
Page 370 and 371: Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
Page 372 and 373: Q17Match the bones on the left with
Page 374 and 375: Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
Page 376 and 377: Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
Page 378 and 379: Q20Sites from which metastases to b
Page 380 and 381: Q22Match the description on the lef
Page 382 and 383: Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
Page 384 and 385: Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
Page 386 and 387: Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
Page 388 and 389: Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
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Answer:Q8The three general function
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Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
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392
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Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
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Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
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410
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412
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Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
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416
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Answer:Q3The three layers which com
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420
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Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
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424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
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Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
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Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
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Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
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Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
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Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
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Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
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440
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HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
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444
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DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
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470
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OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
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478
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Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
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Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
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Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
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Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
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Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
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Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
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Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
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Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
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Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
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Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
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Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
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Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
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Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
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Integumentary system (skin) (contin
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Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
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Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
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Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
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Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
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Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
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Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
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Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
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Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
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Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
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Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
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Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
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Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
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Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
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Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
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Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
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Tumor (see also specific histologic
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Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
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Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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