Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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Answer:Q1The main organs of the digestive system form a tube extending from the lips to the anuscalled the alimentary canal or digestive tract.Answer:Q2The main structures of the digestive/alimentary tract are:1. Mouth2. Pharynx3. Esophagus4. Stomach5. Small intestine6. Colon7. Rectum8. AnusAnswer:Q3The three main tissue layers of the walls of the organs which make up the gastrointestinaltract and their peritoneal covering (if present) are called:1. Mucosa2. Submucosa3. Muscularis propria4. SerosaAnswer:Q4The three layers of the mucosa are:1. Surface epithelium2. Lamina propria3. Muscularis mucosae168
MouthThe gastrointestinal tract begins with the mouth (oral cavity). The lips form the anterior wall ofthe oral cavity; the cheeks (buccal mucosa) form the lateral walls; the hard and soft palates form theroof; the floor of the mouth forms the base of the cavity. Structures within the mouth are thetongue, gums (gingiva), and teeth. The entire cavity is lined with mucous membrane, but themuscularis mucosae found in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract is not present in the mouth orpharynx. The lamina propria and submueosa are, therefore, generally indistinguishable.Food enters through the lips and is broken up and crushed by the action of the tongue and theteeth. At the same time, it is mixed with the saliva produced by the salivary glands. Mastication thusbegins the first step in the digestive process.The blood supply to structures of the oral cavity is from various branches of the external carotidartery. The venous blood drains into the superficial or deep jugular veins.Ninety percent of the malignant tumors arising in the oral cavity are squamous cell carcinoma.Figure 21. ORAL CAVITYA. ABOVE THE TONGUE B. BENEATH THE TONGUE.o.._°-. ..... ..o.o..' "..... /" "'\. _,.rd _IL.I. ._"-..t...."_-_.:]..'" Subl.lnttu_t / '. _ r'Ol_,? _,li_-_-"_-_.'"_L_'.?".' '-] Ila.LJkvlltrT ELand '., _ .._FI,00r 0£ mOtAth-... _ _,./0,,£2. s( DormeLI. mmrfa©o)169
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SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
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CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
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ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
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SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
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BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
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Directional Planes of the BodySagit
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Relative Positional and Directional
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Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
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Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
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SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
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EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
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Q1a. What are the two primary layer
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Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
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Answer:Q2The three glands of the sk
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Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
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Benign TumorsThere is a large group
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Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
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MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
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The description of the level 1 of i
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Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
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Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
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Q10Match the regions of the skin on
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SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
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T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
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Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
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Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
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Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
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Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
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Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
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SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
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Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
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LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
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Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
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Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
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Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
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Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
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Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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The heart lies in a loose-fitting s
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106
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Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
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Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
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Portal System (portal circulation)V
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Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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Page 126 and 127: Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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Page 130 and 131: Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
Page 132 and 133: DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
Page 134 and 135: Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
Page 136 and 137: Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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Page 142 and 143: Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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Page 146 and 147: Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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Page 150 and 151: Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
Page 152 and 153: The larynx can be divided into thre
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Page 156 and 157: Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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Page 160 and 161: Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
Page 162 and 163: The lungs provide a place where lar
Page 164 and 165: Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
Page 166 and 167: Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
Page 168 and 169: Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
Page 170 and 171: Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
Page 172 and 173: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
Page 174 and 175: The organs of the digestive system
Page 178 and 179: • Lips. The lips form the upper a
Page 180 and 181: Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
Page 182 and 183: Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
Page 184 and 185: Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
Page 186 and 187: • Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
Page 188 and 189: Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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Page 192 and 193: Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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Page 196 and 197: Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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Page 200 and 201: Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
Page 202 and 203: Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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Page 206 and 207: Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
Page 208 and 209: Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
Page 210 and 211: Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
Page 212 and 213: Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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Page 216 and 217: Answer:Q30The esophagus extends fro
Page 218 and 219: The medial border of the stomach is
Page 220 and 221: Q33The stomach lies just below thei
Page 222 and 223: Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
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The large intestine receives the fl
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Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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224
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Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
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Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
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Metastatic tumors involving the liv
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Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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234
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Answer: 046The function of the gall
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238
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Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
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Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
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The microscopic structure of the re
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Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
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Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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250
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Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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254
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Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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258
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Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
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URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
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Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
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Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
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Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
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Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
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Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
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CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
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Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorg
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• Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
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Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
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FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
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Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
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Q8Name the three openings of the ut
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Answer: 08In naming the three openi
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Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
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6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
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Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
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296
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298
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Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
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A tumor specified as "subareolar" i
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Answer:Q22One of the first and most
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306
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ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads i
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310
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Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
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314
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Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
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Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
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Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
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RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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324
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Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
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Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
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• Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
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Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
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Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is loc
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Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
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Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
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340
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Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
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344
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Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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348
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Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
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352
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Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
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Structure of BoneEach long bone of
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Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
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Facial bones. The facial bones are
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Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
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Q17Match the bones on the left with
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Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
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Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
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Q20Sites from which metastases to b
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Q22Match the description on the lef
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Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
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Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
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Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
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Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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382
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Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
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Answer:Q8The three general function
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Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
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392
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Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
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Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
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410
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412
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Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
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416
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Answer:Q3The three layers which com
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420
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Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
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424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
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Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
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Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
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Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
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Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
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Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
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Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
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440
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HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
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444
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DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
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470
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OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
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478
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Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
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Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
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Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
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Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
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Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
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Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
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Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
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Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
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Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
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Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
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Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
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Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
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Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
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Integumentary system (skin) (contin
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Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
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Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
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Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
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Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
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Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
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Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
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Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
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Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
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Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
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Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
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Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
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Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
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Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
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Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
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Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
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Tumor (see also specific histologic
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Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
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Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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