Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

Malignant TumorsBone is derived from three cell lines each of which can produce tumors: osteogenic, chondrogenic,and collagenic 1. Bone also houses the marrow which contains hematopoietic precursors ofmyelogenic tumors. All are derived from mesoderm. Only malignant tumors are discussed here.• Osteogenic Sarcoma (osteosarcoma) is the second most common bone malignancyafter myeloma. It occurs mainly in males between the ages of 10 and 20 years. Itgrows rapidly in the long bones of the extremities and metastasizes quickly via theblood stream to the lungs. It may perforate the periosteum and invade thesurrounding soft tissues.• Periosteal Sarcoma is a rare, slow-growing malignancy. It arises from periostealfibrous tissue. The posterior aspect of the distal femur is the most common site.• Giant Cell Tumor, Malignant (malignant osteoclastoma) is a tumor which arisesfrom the connective tissue of the medullary cavity. The malignant type expandsrapidly.• Chondrosarcoma is a tumor arising from the chondrogenic line. There are twodistinct types of this tumor: peripheral, which develops on the surface of the bone,and central, which develops in the interior. The peripheral chondrosarcoma tendsto affect fiat bones such as ilium, sacrum, or scapula. The central chondrosarcomaoccurs most often in the femur, tibia, or humerus.• Ewing's Sarcoma is a highly malignant sarcoma usually occurring in males under 25years of age. It is multicentric, originates from the reticulum cell, and usually beginsin the metaphysis or wide part at the extremity of a long bone.Closely associated with bone tumors are the following soft tissue tumors:• Fibrosarcoma and Angiosarcoma: Malignant tumors which come from theconnective tissue line. Fibrosarcoma, affecting mainly young adults, causes localbone destruction, particularly of the long bones. Angiosarcoma is a rare tumorarising primarily from capillary endothelial cells (vascular tissue within the bone).Tumors of myelogenic (bone marrow) origin, other than the myeloproliferativemalignant, for example:disorders, are• Multiple Myeloma: A systemic disease found most often between ages 40 to 60years. It originates in the reticular stem cell in the marrow spaces of the bone andis characterized by overproduction of plasma cells by the marrow. It is the mostcommon bone tumor.Bone is a common metastatic site for malignant cancer cells which are usually transported by wayof the blood stream. The primary sites from which metastases to bone most often occur are breast,prostate, lung, colon, stomach, and urinary bladder.lcollagenic--containing fibrous connective tissue.368