Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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Answer:Q2The three glands of the skin are:1. Sebaceous glands2. Sweat or sudoriferous glands3. Ceruminous glands3O
• The sebaceous glands are widely distributed in the skin except in the palms of the hands andthe soles of the feet. They develop from the follicular epithelium of the hair. Several of these glandsgrow out from each hair follicle with direct connection to the hair root by a short duct. Throughthese ducts is secreted sebum, an oil which coats the body hair at the surface of the skin.• The sweat or sudoriferous glands are simple coiled tubular glands. The secreting portion of thegland is coiled into a ball and lies in the deep part of the dermis. Sweat, the product of this gland,passes upward through its duct into a pore which ol_ens on the surface of the skin. Sweat glands arecontrolled by the central nervous system. Afferent" nerves carry impulses from the skin to the braininforming it of environmental temperatures. The efferent 2 nerves, in turn, carry impulses from thebrain to the skin causing a reflex emergency mechanism to trigger the sweat glands to begin coolingthe body temperature by evaporation. This reflex action is also responsible for an immediatewithdrawal of your hand when you touch a hot surface.• The ceruminous glands are thought to be modified sweat glands. The secretory portions ofthese glands open directly into the skin or into the ducts of the sebaceous glands. Their function isto lubricate the surfaces of the ear canals and the ear drum membranes (tympanic membranes) bysecreting ear wax.• A hair is composed of keratinized cells compactly cemented together. Hair is distributed overalmost the entire body. It consists of the root, or portion below the surface, and the shaft, or portionextending above the surface. The root is embedded in a pit-like depression called the hair follicle.It widens at its lower end to include small vascular papillae (small loops of blood vessels). Thesepapillae provide nutrition for the growth of hair. Hair grows as a result of the division of the cellsof the root. The hair follicle is placed obliquely in the skin, and a small smooth muscle called thearrector muscle, fastened to the side, causes the hair to stand up in cold or fright and gives theappearance of goose flesh to the skin.• Nails are comparable to the horny-cell layer (stratum corneum). Nail beds underlying the nailconsist of the deeper layers of the epidermis and the dermis. Blood in the dermal capillaries isresponsible for the nails' pink color. The white halfmoons at the base of the fingernails are calledlunulae.1afferent--Conveying2efferent--Conveyingtowards a center.away from a center.31
Page 2 and 3: SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
Page 6 and 7: ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
Page 11: SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
Page 15: BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
Page 18 and 19: Directional Planes of the BodySagit
Page 20 and 21: Relative Positional and Directional
Page 22 and 23: Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
Page 24 and 25: Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
Page 27: SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
Page 30 and 31: EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
Page 33 and 34: Q1a. What are the two primary layer
Page 35: Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
Page 41 and 42: Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
Page 43 and 44: Benign TumorsThere is a large group
Page 45 and 46: Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
Page 47 and 48: MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
Page 49: The description of the level 1 of i
Page 52 and 53: Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
Page 54 and 55: Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
Page 57 and 58: Q10Match the regions of the skin on
Page 59: SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
Page 62 and 63: T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
Page 64 and 65: Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
Page 66 and 67: Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
Page 68 and 69: Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
Page 70 and 71: Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
Page 73 and 74: Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
Page 75 and 76: SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
Page 77 and 78: Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
Page 79 and 80: LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
Page 81 and 82: Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
Page 83 and 84: Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
Page 85: Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
Page 88 and 89:
Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
Page 100 and 101:
Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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The heart lies in a loose-fitting s
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106
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Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
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Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
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Portal System (portal circulation)V
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Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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116
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Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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120
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Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
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DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
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Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
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Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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130
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132
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Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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136
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Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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140
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Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
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The larynx can be divided into thre
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146
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Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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150
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Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
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The lungs provide a place where lar
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Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
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Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
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Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
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Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
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The organs of the digestive system
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Answer:Q1The main organs of the dig
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• Lips. The lips form the upper a
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Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
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Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
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Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
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• Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
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Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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182
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Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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186
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Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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190
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Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
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Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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196
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Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
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Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
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Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
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Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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206
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Answer:Q30The esophagus extends fro
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The medial border of the stomach is
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Q33The stomach lies just below thei
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Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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216
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Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
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The large intestine receives the fl
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Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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224
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Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
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Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
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Metastatic tumors involving the liv
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Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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234
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Answer: 046The function of the gall
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238
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Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
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Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
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The microscopic structure of the re
Page 254 and 255:
Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
Page 256 and 257:
Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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250
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Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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254
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Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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258
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Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
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URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
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Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
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Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
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Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
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Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
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Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
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CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
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Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorg
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• Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
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Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
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FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
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Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
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Q8Name the three openings of the ut
Page 296 and 297:
Answer: 08In naming the three openi
Page 298 and 299:
Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
Page 300 and 301:
6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
Page 302 and 303:
Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
Page 304 and 305:
296
Page 306 and 307:
298
Page 308 and 309:
Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
Page 310 and 311:
A tumor specified as "subareolar" i
Page 312 and 313:
Answer:Q22One of the first and most
Page 314 and 315:
306
Page 316 and 317:
ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads i
Page 318 and 319:
310
Page 320 and 321:
Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
Page 322 and 323:
314
Page 324 and 325:
Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
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Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
Page 328 and 329:
Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
Page 330 and 331:
RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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324
Page 334 and 335:
Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
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Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
Page 338 and 339:
• Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
Page 340 and 341:
Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
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Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is loc
Page 344 and 345:
Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
Page 346 and 347:
Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
Page 348 and 349:
340
Page 350 and 351:
Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
Page 352 and 353:
344
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Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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348
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Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
Page 360 and 361:
352
Page 362 and 363:
Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
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Structure of BoneEach long bone of
Page 366 and 367:
Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
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Facial bones. The facial bones are
Page 370 and 371:
Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
Page 372 and 373:
Q17Match the bones on the left with
Page 374 and 375:
Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
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Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
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Q20Sites from which metastases to b
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Q22Match the description on the lef
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Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
Page 384 and 385:
Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
Page 386 and 387:
Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
Page 388 and 389:
Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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382
Page 392 and 393:
Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
Page 396 and 397:
Answer:Q8The three general function
Page 398 and 399:
Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
Page 400 and 401:
392
Page 402 and 403:
Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
Page 416 and 417:
Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
Page 418 and 419:
410
Page 420 and 421:
412
Page 422 and 423:
Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
Page 424 and 425:
416
Page 426 and 427:
Answer:Q3The three layers which com
Page 428 and 429:
420
Page 430 and 431:
Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
Page 432 and 433:
424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
Page 436 and 437:
Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
Page 438 and 439:
Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
Page 440 and 441:
Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
Page 442 and 443:
Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
Page 444 and 445:
Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
Page 446 and 447:
Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
Page 448 and 449:
440
Page 450 and 451:
HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
Page 452 and 453:
444
Page 454 and 455:
DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
470
Page 480 and 481:
OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
Page 484 and 485:
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
Page 486 and 487:
478
Page 488 and 489:
Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
Page 490 and 491:
Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
Page 492 and 493:
Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
Page 494 and 495:
Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
Page 496 and 497:
Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
Page 498 and 499:
Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
Page 500 and 501:
Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
Page 502 and 503:
Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
Page 504 and 505:
Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
Page 506 and 507:
Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
Page 508 and 509:
Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
Page 510 and 511:
Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
Page 512 and 513:
Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
Page 514 and 515:
Integumentary system (skin) (contin
Page 516 and 517:
Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
Page 518 and 519:
Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
Page 520 and 521:
Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
Page 522 and 523:
Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
Page 524 and 525:
Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
Page 526 and 527:
Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
Page 528 and 529:
Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
Page 530 and 531:
Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
Page 532 and 533:
Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
Page 534 and 535:
Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
Page 536 and 537:
Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
Page 538 and 539:
Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
Page 540 and 541:
Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
Page 542 and 543:
Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
Page 544 and 545:
Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
Page 546 and 547:
Tumor (see also specific histologic
Page 548 and 549:
Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
Page 550 and 551:
Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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