Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorgans are:1. The uterus2. Two ovaries3. Two fallopian tubes (uterine tubes or oviducts)4. A vagina5. A vulvaAnswer:Q2The uterus is located in the pelvic cavity between the bladder and the rectum.Answer:Q3The uterus is composed of two parts, an upper portion called the body (or corpus) and alower, narrow portion called the cervix.Answer:Q4The portion of the body of the uterus which rounds into a bulging prominence at aboutthe level at which the fallopian tubes enter is called the fundus.Answer:Q5The three tissue layers of the body of the uterus are:1. Endometrium (mucosa)2. Myometrium3. Serosa (Perimetrium)276
The uterus has thick walls and a small, flat, triangular-shaped cavity. Its apex is directed downwardand forms the internal os which opens into the cervical canal. The cervical canal narrows at its lowerend and forms the external os opening into the vagina. The mucosa of the vaginal wall is contiguouswith the mucosa of the cervix. A circular recess around the cervix at its junction with the vagina iscalled the fornix. It is divided into four fornices or parts: anterior, posterior, and two lateral. Thefallopian tubes join the uterine cavity at the upper, outer angles. A generous blood supply is receivedby the uterus from the uterine arteries which are branches of the internal iliac arteries. Eightligaments which hold the uterus in place but allow considerable movement are two broad ligaments,two uterosacral ligaments, the posterior ligament, the anterior ligament, and two round ligaments.Parametrium, connective tissue which surrounds the uterus, separates the cervix from the bladderand extends between the two serosal layers of the broad ligaments as well as to and over the pelvicwalls.RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lymph nodes for both the corpus and the cervix uteri are:Pelvic Nodes:ParacervicalParametrialCommon iliacInternal iliac (hypogastric, including obturator)External iliacSacral (lateral, presacral, promontory (Gerota's), uterosacral)Aortic (para-, peri-, lateral)--regional for corpus uteri onlyThe major lymphatic trunk is the utero-ovarian (infundibulo-pelvic), which drains into the iliac andsacral nodes.Malignant TumorsThe histologic types of cancer arising in the uterus are:• Adenocarcinoma arising in the glandular epithelium of the endometrium and of theupper two-thirds of the cervical canal• Leiomyosarcoma arising in the smooth muscle of the myometrium• Adenosquamous carcinoma arising at the squamous columnar junction• Squamous cell carcinoma arising in the lower one-third of the cervical canal and thelip of the cervix, and often extending into the vagina. The majority of theneoplasms arising in the cervix will arise in the lower one-third. These will bechiefly in situ, i.e., there will be no stromal invasion. Lesions with stromal invasionof 3 mm or less may be described as micro-invasive.° Endometrial stromal sarcoma277
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SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
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CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
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ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
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SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
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BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
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Directional Planes of the BodySagit
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Relative Positional and Directional
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Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
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Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
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SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
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EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
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Q1a. What are the two primary layer
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Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
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Answer:Q2The three glands of the sk
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Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
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Benign TumorsThere is a large group
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Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
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MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
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The description of the level 1 of i
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Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
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Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
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Q10Match the regions of the skin on
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SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
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T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
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Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
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Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
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Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
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Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
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Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
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SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
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Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
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LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
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Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
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Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
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Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
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Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
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Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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The heart lies in a loose-fitting s
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Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
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Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
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Portal System (portal circulation)V
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Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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120
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Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
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DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
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Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
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Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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130
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132
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Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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136
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Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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140
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Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
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The larynx can be divided into thre
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Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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150
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Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
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The lungs provide a place where lar
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Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
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Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
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Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
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Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
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The organs of the digestive system
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Answer:Q1The main organs of the dig
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• Lips. The lips form the upper a
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Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
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Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
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Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
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• Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
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Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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182
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Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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186
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Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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190
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Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
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Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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196
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Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
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Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
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Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
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Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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206
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Answer:Q30The esophagus extends fro
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The medial border of the stomach is
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Q33The stomach lies just below thei
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Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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216
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Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
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The large intestine receives the fl
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Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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224
Page 234 and 235: Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
Page 236 and 237: Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
Page 238 and 239: Metastatic tumors involving the liv
Page 240 and 241: Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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Page 244 and 245: Answer: 046The function of the gall
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Page 248 and 249: Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
Page 250 and 251: Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
Page 252 and 253: The microscopic structure of the re
Page 254 and 255: Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
Page 256 and 257: Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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Page 260 and 261: Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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Page 264 and 265: Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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Page 268 and 269: Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
Page 270 and 271: URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
Page 272 and 273: Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
Page 274 and 275: Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
Page 276 and 277: Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
Page 278 and 279: Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
Page 280 and 281: Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
Page 282 and 283: CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
Page 286 and 287: • Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
Page 288 and 289: Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
Page 290 and 291: FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
Page 292 and 293: Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
Page 294 and 295: Q8Name the three openings of the ut
Page 296 and 297: Answer: 08In naming the three openi
Page 298 and 299: Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
Page 300 and 301: 6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
Page 302 and 303: Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
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Page 308 and 309: Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
Page 310 and 311: A tumor specified as "subareolar" i
Page 312 and 313: Answer:Q22One of the first and most
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Page 316 and 317: ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads i
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Page 320 and 321: Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
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Page 324 and 325: Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
Page 326 and 327: Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
Page 328 and 329: Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
Page 330 and 331: RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
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Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
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• Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
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Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
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Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is loc
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Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
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Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
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340
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Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
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344
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Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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348
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Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
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352
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Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
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Structure of BoneEach long bone of
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Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
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Facial bones. The facial bones are
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Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
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Q17Match the bones on the left with
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Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
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Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
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Q20Sites from which metastases to b
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Q22Match the description on the lef
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Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
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Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
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Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
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Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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382
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Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
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Answer:Q8The three general function
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Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
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392
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Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
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Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
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410
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412
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Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
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416
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Answer:Q3The three layers which com
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420
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Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
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424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
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Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
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Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
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Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
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Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
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Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
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Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
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440
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HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
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444
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DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
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470
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OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
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478
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Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
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Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
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Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
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Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
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Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
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Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
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Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
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Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
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Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
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Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
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Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
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Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
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Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
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Integumentary system (skin) (contin
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Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
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Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
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Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
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Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
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Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
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Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
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Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
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Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
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Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
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Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
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Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
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Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
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Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
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Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
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Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
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Tumor (see also specific histologic
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Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
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Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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