Book 4 - Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars - SEER ...

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ANSWERS TO REVIEW TESTd 1. Gonads in the female Ovariesc 2. Muscular layer of the uterus Myometriumh 3. Fringe bordering opening of the Fimbriafallopian tubea 4. Area between the vagina and anus Perineumg 5. External genitalia of female Vulvae 6. Ducts through which the ova travel Fallopian tubesinto the uterusb 7. Region of abdominal cavity Cul de sacmidway between the rectum anduterus308
Male ReproductiveSystemThe male reproductive system, like that of the female, consists of those organs whose function isto produce a new individual, i.e., to accomplish reproduction. This system consists of a pair of testesand a network of excretory ducts (epididymis, ductus deferens (vas deferens), and ejaculatory ducts),seminal vesicles, the prostate, the bulbourethral glands, and the penis.ScrotumThe scrotum is a skin-covered pouch of muscle and fascia suspended on the outside of the body.It is one of the supporting structures of the male reproductive system. The scrotum is dividedinternally into two (left and right) sacs by a septum (partition) so that each sac contains a testis,epididymis, and the lower part of the spermatic cord.TestesThe testes are two small ovoid glands, male gonads, which lie in the scrotum. These glands are notdeveloped within the scrotal sac, but descend from the abdominal cavity during fetal development.A thick fibrous capsule (tunica albuginea) encases each testis, extensions of which (septa) partitionthe interior into lobules. Each lobule contains tiny coiled seminiferous tubules and many interstitial(Leydig) cells which lie between the seminiferous cells. The interstitial cells are glandular cells thatproduce the hormone testosterone.The primary functions of the testes are:• Production of male reproductive cells by the seminiferous tubes (spermatozoa orsperm)• Secretion of hormones, mainly testosterone, by the interstitial cells of Leydig.Testosterone is an androgen secreted by the Leydig cells of the testicle. Testosterone isresponsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics and genital growth; it alsoinfluences the retention of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, and calcium, required for buildingprotoplasm. Androgens also have important growth-regulating functions.Regional nodes for the testis are found on page 322.309
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SEER ProgramSelf Instructional Manu
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CONTENTSBOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RE
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ILLUSTRATIONS(Figures 1-82, cont'd)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPortions of Book 4
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SECTIONAOBJECTIVES AND CONTENT OF B
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BSECTIONBTERMS USED TO INDICATE BOD
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Directional Planes of the BodySagit
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Relative Positional and Directional
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Figure 3. ANATOMIC DIVISIONSOF THE
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Answers to Practical ExerciseNote t
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SECTIONCTHE INTEGUMENTARYSYSTEM19
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EpidermisThe epidermis (Figure 4A)
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Q1a. What are the two primary layer
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Epidermis is epithelial tissue deri
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Answer:Q2The three glands of the sk
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Q3Q4Accessory skin organs are found
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Benign TumorsThere is a large group
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Q5 Match the malignant tumors of th
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MalignantMelanomaMalignant melanoma
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The description of the level 1 of i
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Q9"Clark's Classification" of malig
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Lymphatic Drainage of the SkinThe l
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Q10Match the regions of the skin on
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SECTIONTHE LYMPHATICDSYSTEM51
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T-Cells Versus B-CeilsThe two princ
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Answer:Q1The lymphatic system colle
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Figures 8A-8B. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE O
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Answer:Q3The lymphatic system colle
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Lymph nodes accomplish two separate
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Q6The lymph nodes have two main fun
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SpleenThe spleen, the largest lymph
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Q9Match each lymphatic organ or tis
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LymphaticDrainageLymph nodes, most
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Answer:QllLymphatics tend to parall
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Q14A general term for lymph nodes l
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Lymph Nodes of the ThoraxThe lymph
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Answer:Q18Lymph nodes of the thorax
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Q20Lymph nodes of the abdomen may a
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Lymph Nodes of Upper and Lower Extr
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Answer:Q22c 1. Popliteal Heela 2. A
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Hodgkin's disease. The histologic c
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Answer:Q23Benign tumors of lymphoid
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Extralymphatic/ExtranodalSitesLymph
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Answer:Q27Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas m
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TilE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMIonatod
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFigure 14D. BLOOD
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Answer:Q1The cardiovascular system
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The heart lies in a loose-fitting s
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106
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Answer:Q5The heart has four chamber
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Answer:QIODeoxygenated blood from t
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Portal System (portal circulation)V
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Answer:QllThe three kinds of blood
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Answer:QlgThe three main types of b
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120
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Answer:Q18White blood cells which a
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DEVELOPMENTOF WHITE BLOOD CELLSStem
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Answer:Q20Malignant diseases of the
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Answer:Q25b 1. Leukemia An uncontro
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130
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132
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Answer:Q1The parts of the respirato
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136
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Answer:Q41. Serves as a passageway
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140
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Answer:Q7The pharynx can be divided
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The larynx can be divided into thre
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146
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Answer:Q10The three single cartilag
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150
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Answer:Q14The windpipe or trachea s
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The lungs provide a place where lar
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Answer:Q16The main bronchus, pulmon
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Clinical ManifestationsClinical man
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Answer:Q19The interpleural space ma
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Answer:Q24_g_ 1. Exchange of oxygen
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Esophagus-RectumP
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The organs of the digestive system
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Answer:Q1The main organs of the dig
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• Lips. The lips form the upper a
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Answer:Q5The lip consists of an exp
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Malignant TumorsMalignant lesions a
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Answer:Q8The tongue is composed of
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• Gums (gingiva). The gums are fo
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Answer:Qllb__ 1. GumMucosal coverin
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182
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Answer:Q12The palate is the roof of
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186
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Answer:Q18The major salivary glands
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190
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Answer:Q21c 1. Gum Retropharyngeala
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Oropharynx. The air and food passag
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196
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Answer:Q23Another name for the hypo
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Answer:Q25a__ 1. HypopharynxServes
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Answer:Q28a. Tonsillar pillar - Oro
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Figure 31. MEASUREMENTS OF THE ESOP
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206
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Answer:Q30The esophagus extends fro
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The medial border of the stomach is
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Q33The stomach lies just below thei
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Answer:Q33The stomach lies just bel
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216
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Answer:Q38The small intestine is ab
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The large intestine receives the fl
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Malignantand Benign TumorsThe usual
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224
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Answer:Q41The large intestine is ab
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Answer:Q433. The ileocolic lymph no
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Metastatic tumors involving the liv
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Answer:Q45The most common primary t
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234
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Answer: 046The function of the gall
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238
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Answer:Q48.The pancreas plays an im
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Figure 39. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE U
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The microscopic structure of the re
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Answer:Q1The urinary system consist
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Figure 41. A NEPHRON_ Otomes_JLus_;
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250
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Answer:Q4The blood is circulated th
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254
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Answer:Q8The regional lymph node dr
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Page 268 and 269: Answer:Q12The tube which carries ur
Page 270 and 271: URINARY BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS AND U
Page 272 and 273: Malignant TumorsBladder cancer is t
Page 274 and 275: Answer:Q14The urinary bladder is a
Page 276 and 277: Q18Theis a membranous tube which co
Page 278 and 279: Answer:Q18The urethra is a membrano
Page 280 and 281: Figure 44.FEMALE PELVIS (frontal vi
Page 282 and 283: CORPUSUTERII I _ 'PRIMARY] ENDOMETR
Page 284 and 285: Answer:Q1The female reproductiveorg
Page 286 and 287: • Choriocarcinoma, a highly malig
Page 288 and 289: Answer:Q6For corpus uteri you might
Page 290 and 291: FallopiantubesThe fallopian tubes,
Page 292 and 293: Answer:Q7b 1. Uterus Pear-shaped mu
Page 294 and 295: Q8Name the three openings of the ut
Page 296 and 297: Answer: 08In naming the three openi
Page 298 and 299: Regional Lymph NodesThe regional ly
Page 300 and 301: 6. Vaginal orifice f. Glands that s
Page 302 and 303: Answer:Q14The vagina is situated be
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Page 308 and 309: Answer:Q19The breasts overlie the p
Page 310 and 311: A tumor specified as "subareolar" i
Page 312 and 313: Answer:Q22One of the first and most
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Page 320 and 321: Answer:Q25The male gonads consist o
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Page 324 and 325: Answer:Q27c 1. Epididymis Tube loca
Page 326 and 327: Figure 51. PROSTATE GLAND (frontal
Page 328 and 329: Answer:Q29b 1. Prostate Gland which
Page 330 and 331: RegionalLymph NodesThe regional lym
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Page 334 and 335: Answer:Q30Male hormones are produce
Page 336 and 337: Figure 53. ENDOCRINEGLANDS328
Page 338 and 339: • Prolactin (luteotrophic hormone
Page 340 and 341: Parathyroid GlandThere are four par
Page 342 and 343: Thymus GlandThe thymus gland is loc
Page 344 and 345: Q2Match the hormone on the left wit
Page 346 and 347: Answer:Q1d 1. Hormones Organic secr
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Page 350 and 351: Figure 58.AXIAL SKELETONSkuLl.342
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Page 354 and 355: Answer:Q1The skeletal system is com
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Page 358 and 359: Answer:Q4One characteristic which d
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Page 362 and 363: Answer:Q8The purpose of the sesamoi
Page 364 and 365: Structure of BoneEach long bone of
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Answer:QllThe numbered parts of the
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Facial bones. The facial bones are
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Figure 65. BONES OF THE THORAX Figu
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Q17Match the bones on the left with
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Figure 67. APPENDICULARSKELETON366
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Malignant TumorsBone is derived fro
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Q20Sites from which metastases to b
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Q22Match the description on the lef
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Answer:Q21c 1. Angiosarcoma A malig
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Figure 68.MUSCLE TYPES376
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Figure 69. HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
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Answer:Q1The three types of muscle
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382
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Answer:Q61. True Malignant tumors o
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• Supinators turn the palm upward
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Answer:Q8The three general function
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Answer:Q11Match the muscle groups o
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392
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Figure 70.NERVE CELL (neuron)394
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Answer:Q1The central nervous system
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Figure 71.CEREBRUMCEREBRUMC_ere_etr
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400
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Figure 74 CRANIAL NERVES402
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MalignantTumorsGliomas are tumors o
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406
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Answer:Q6Match each term on the lef
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410
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412
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Answer:Q1The five major sensesof th
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416
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Answer:Q3The three layers which com
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420
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Answer:Q5The eyeball/s not a solid
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424
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Answer:Q8Name the lymph nodes which
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Figure 80. TONGUE: Areas of tasteUv
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Answer:QllReceptors for the sense o
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Malignant TumorsTumors of the nasal
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Answer:Q13The nasal fossa is divide
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Regional Lymph NodesThe lymphatics
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Answer:Q16b 1. External ear Made up
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440
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HISTOLOGIC TYPE PRIMARY SITELeukemi
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444
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DETERMINATION OF SUBSEQUENT PRIMARI
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470
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OTHER ICD-O-2 CODES TO BE CONSIDERE
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474
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (cont'd)Paul,
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478
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Adenocarcinoma (continued)Primary s
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Arteries (see also Vessels) (contin
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Blood (see also Cardiovascular syst
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Bone tissue (osseous, vascular tiss
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Breast (mammary gland) (continued)H
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Cartilage (nonvascular tissue) (con
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Cerebrum (forebrain, telencephalon)
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Cortisol, 329, 333, 336, 338Cortiso
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Ducts (see also Endocrine system an
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Estradiol, 281Estrogen-producing ca
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Follicular adenocarcinoma, 331, 337
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Glycogen, 229Gonadotrophic hormone
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Histologic type of cancer, 439-441H
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Integumentary system (skin) (contin
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Kidney (see also Urinary system) (c
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Leukocyte (WBC),Agranular, 119B-Cel
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Luteal cell, 281Luteinizing hormone
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Lymph nodes (continued)Perivesical,
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Lymphoma (continued)Nasopharynx (ph
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Metastases (continued)Lymph node, 6
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Muscle (see also Muscular system) (
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Nervous system, Cranial (continued)
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Ovary (female gonad), 273, 281,285,
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Peripheral nervous system, 393, 396
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Prostate (continued)Urethra (prosta
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Salivary gland (see also Parotid, S
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Skull (diploe), 351, 354, 356, 359,
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Sulcus,Buccal, 178Nasolabial, 39Sup
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Tibia (shin bone), 351, 369Tumors o
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Tumor (see also specific histologic
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Urethra (female, male) (continued)L
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Vertebral cavity, 10Vertebral colum
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